“Love the quest; marriage the conquest; divorce the inquest” -- Helen
Rowland (English-American writer, 1876-1950)
Most of the free stuff I find on the Web by pure chance. But there is a way to increase the odds of
finding free full text articles.
SEARCH TIP:
In Google® Scholar, add the following to your search string:
AND filetype:pdf
For example, try this search …
Dibenzothiophene AND filetype:pdf
This is not foolproof. Many of the items
on the results list are not free. But
the strategy reduces the number of links you have to click to find free PDFs
like the following:
///////
International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012
Microbial
Applications For Desulphurization Of Coal: A Review
Diptangshu Mukherjee (1), Ilyas Mohd (2), N.Rao Cheepurupalli (3),
Altaf Shaik (4)
1, 2 Environmental Management Division, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel
Research, Dhanbad-828108, India
3 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh
4 Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506003, India
Abstract
Air pollution is a major problem which effects the ecological environment and
human health. Coal is widely used fossil fuel for steel, electricity generating
plants and other small or large industries. When coal burns it releases sulphur
di-oxide (SO2) and causes air pollution in the atmosphere. So, it is believed
that sulphur should be removed from coal before burning. Biodesulphurization is
an alternative technology to reduce sulphur content in coal and prevent sulphur
di-oxide emission in the atmosphere. This technique includes physical, chemical
and biological methods. This paper shows the applications and future aspects of
microorganisms for removal of sulphur content from coal which is a cost
effective, low energy consumption and ecofriendly process.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_may2012/ijsrp-may-2012-62.pdf
///////
Curiously, the Advanced search form for Google® Scholar does not provide an
option to filter by file type. That’s
why you have to add filetype:pdf by hand.
Thursday, December 27, 2012
Thursday, December 20, 2012
Reviewing the Reviews
“A good review from the critics is just another stay of execution.”
-- Dustin Hoffman (American actor, b.1937)
Sometimes all you want is a good article that provides an overview of the developments in a particular technology. Today’s search tip addresses this need.
SEARCH TIP: in Google® Scholar, add “review article” to your search string
For example, if you enter the following search string …
Desulfurization OR dibenzothiophene OR thiophene OR hydrodesulfurization AND “review article”
… most if not all of the resulting hits will be review articles. Here are two of them.
///////
Applied Petrochemical Research
Volume 1, Numbers 1-4 (2012)
Rashad Javadli (1,2)
javadli@ualberta.ca
Arno de Klerk (1)
Author Affiliations
1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
2. ConocoPhillips Canada, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
Review Article
Desulfurization of heavy oil
Abstract
Strategies for heavy oil desulfurization were evaluated by reviewing desulfurization literature and critically assessing the viability of the various methods for heavy oil. The desulfurization methods including variations thereon that are discussed include hydrodesulfurization, extractive desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, biodesulfurization and desulfurization through alkylation, chlorinolysis, and by using supercritical water. Few of these methods are viable and/or efficient for the desulfurization of heavy oil. This is mainly due to the properties of the heavy oil, such as high sulfur content, high viscosity, high boiling point, and refractory nature of the sulfur compounds. The approach with the best chance of leading to a breakthrough in desulfurization of heavy oil is autoxidation followed by thermal decomposition of the oxidized heavy oil. There is also scope for synergistically employing autoxidation in combination with biodesulfurization and hydrodesulfurization.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/4k1t37w341213253/
Biotechnology Research InternationalVolume 2012 (2012), Article ID 243217, 20 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/243217
Review Article
Involvement of the Ligninolytic System of White-Rot and Litter-Decomposing Fungi in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Natalia N. Pozdnyakova
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are natural and anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more fused benzene rings. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. Ligninolytic fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus, have the capacity of PAH degradation. The enzymes involved in the degradation of PAHs are ligninolytic and include lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, and laccase. This paper summarizes the data available on PAH degradation by fungi belonging to different ecophysiological groups (white-rot and litter-decomposing fungi) under submerged cultivation and during mycoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. The role of the ligninolytic enzymes of these fungi in PAH degradation is discussed.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2012/243217/abs/
///////
Sometimes all you want is a good article that provides an overview of the developments in a particular technology. Today’s search tip addresses this need.
SEARCH TIP: in Google® Scholar, add “review article” to your search string
For example, if you enter the following search string …
Desulfurization OR dibenzothiophene OR thiophene OR hydrodesulfurization AND “review article”
… most if not all of the resulting hits will be review articles. Here are two of them.
///////
Applied Petrochemical Research
Volume 1, Numbers 1-4 (2012)
Rashad Javadli (1,2)
javadli@ualberta.ca
Arno de Klerk (1)
Author Affiliations
1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
2. ConocoPhillips Canada, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
Review Article
Desulfurization of heavy oil
Abstract
Strategies for heavy oil desulfurization were evaluated by reviewing desulfurization literature and critically assessing the viability of the various methods for heavy oil. The desulfurization methods including variations thereon that are discussed include hydrodesulfurization, extractive desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, biodesulfurization and desulfurization through alkylation, chlorinolysis, and by using supercritical water. Few of these methods are viable and/or efficient for the desulfurization of heavy oil. This is mainly due to the properties of the heavy oil, such as high sulfur content, high viscosity, high boiling point, and refractory nature of the sulfur compounds. The approach with the best chance of leading to a breakthrough in desulfurization of heavy oil is autoxidation followed by thermal decomposition of the oxidized heavy oil. There is also scope for synergistically employing autoxidation in combination with biodesulfurization and hydrodesulfurization.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/4k1t37w341213253/
Biotechnology Research InternationalVolume 2012 (2012), Article ID 243217, 20 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/243217
Review Article
Involvement of the Ligninolytic System of White-Rot and Litter-Decomposing Fungi in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Natalia N. Pozdnyakova
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are natural and anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more fused benzene rings. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. Ligninolytic fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus, have the capacity of PAH degradation. The enzymes involved in the degradation of PAHs are ligninolytic and include lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, and laccase. This paper summarizes the data available on PAH degradation by fungi belonging to different ecophysiological groups (white-rot and litter-decomposing fungi) under submerged cultivation and during mycoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. The role of the ligninolytic enzymes of these fungi in PAH degradation is discussed.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2012/243217/abs/
///////
Thursday, December 13, 2012
IP: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright & Trade Secrets
“Thieves respect property. They merely wish the property
to become their property that they may
more perfectly respect it.” -- G. K. Chesterton (English born Gabonese
Critic, Essayist, Novelist and Poet, 1874-1936)
IP – Intellectual Property – comes in several flavors, as indicated in the title of the following articles. Both are worth reading if you are new to the topic of IP protection.
///////
An Introduction to Patents, Brands, Trade Secrets Trademarks, and Intellectual Property Rights Issues
William A. Knudson
The Strategic Marketing Institute Working Paper
August 2006
Free Full Text Source: http://productcenter.msu.edu/uploads/files/ippaper%202.pdf
///////
Colorado SBDC Network TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHTS AND PATENTS
Trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and patents are all ways to protect your work. This chapter will help you determine which type of registration you need and where it can be registered.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=MDT-Type&blobheadervalue1=inline%3B+filename%3D1%2F63%2F72-73_SBA_2008_Trademarks.pdf&blobheadervalue2=abinary%3B+charset%3DUTF-8&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1224913300972&ssbinary=true
///////
A related concept concerns contractual rights: licensing the right to use someone else’s intellectual property
For example, this article written about LC-Fining and LC-MAX provides examples of several IP rights.
///////
Hydrocarbon Engineering, June 2012,
Clean, green, hydrocracking machine
Dan Torchia, Arun Arora, and Luyen Vo
Chevron Lummus Global
Free Full Text Source: http://www.howebaker.com/images/uploads/technical_articles/clean-green-hydrocracking.pdf
///////
The article itself is protected by copyright. Interestingly, the copyright owner may be the magazine in which the article is published, rather than either the authors or the Chevron corporation
LC-Fining and LC-MAX are Chevron trademarks
The processes represented by the LC-Fining and LC-MAX trademarks are protected by one or more patents owned by Chevron
Chevron licenses the use of the processes to qualified licensees
IP – Intellectual Property – comes in several flavors, as indicated in the title of the following articles. Both are worth reading if you are new to the topic of IP protection.
///////
An Introduction to Patents, Brands, Trade Secrets Trademarks, and Intellectual Property Rights Issues
William A. Knudson
The Strategic Marketing Institute Working Paper
August 2006
Free Full Text Source: http://productcenter.msu.edu/uploads/files/ippaper%202.pdf
///////
Colorado SBDC Network TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHTS AND PATENTS
Trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and patents are all ways to protect your work. This chapter will help you determine which type of registration you need and where it can be registered.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=MDT-Type&blobheadervalue1=inline%3B+filename%3D1%2F63%2F72-73_SBA_2008_Trademarks.pdf&blobheadervalue2=abinary%3B+charset%3DUTF-8&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1224913300972&ssbinary=true
///////
A related concept concerns contractual rights: licensing the right to use someone else’s intellectual property
For example, this article written about LC-Fining and LC-MAX provides examples of several IP rights.
///////
Hydrocarbon Engineering, June 2012,
Clean, green, hydrocracking machine
Dan Torchia, Arun Arora, and Luyen Vo
Chevron Lummus Global
Free Full Text Source: http://www.howebaker.com/images/uploads/technical_articles/clean-green-hydrocracking.pdf
///////
The article itself is protected by copyright. Interestingly, the copyright owner may be the magazine in which the article is published, rather than either the authors or the Chevron corporation
LC-Fining and LC-MAX are Chevron trademarks
The processes represented by the LC-Fining and LC-MAX trademarks are protected by one or more patents owned by Chevron
Chevron licenses the use of the processes to qualified licensees
Friday, December 7, 2012
How to Write an Abstract: Some Useful Tips
“I've been doing
a lot of abstract painting lately, extremely abstract. No brush, no paint, no
canvas, I just think about it.” -- Stephen Wright (American Actor and
Writer, b.1955)
A good abstract can help you advertise your research talent beyond the community of experts that share your interest.
At the end of this post is a before and after abstract writing exercise. You might also want to check out a couple of the following sources for helpful abstract writing hints.
///////
University of North Carolina College of Arts & Sciences
How to write abstracts
Source: http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/abstracts/
///////
Philip Koopman, Carnegie Mellon University
"Now that the use of on-line publication databases is prevalent, writing a really good abstract has become even more important than it was a decade ago. Abstracts have always served the function of "selling" your work. But now, instead of merely convincing the reader to keep reading the rest of the attached paper, an abstract must convince the reader" to purchase a copy of the article
"Writing an efficient abstract is hard work, but will repay you with increased impact on the world by enticing people to read your publications"
Source: http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html
///////
Emerald Insight
How to... write an abstract
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/write/abstracts.htm?part=1#2
///////
ABSTRACT WRITING EXERCISE
Here is an interesting article I found on the Web. The original abstract, reproduced below, is OK, but not great.
Microchim Acta (2012) 179:123–130
Synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer particles for selective adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene
H. Li :W. Xu (*) : X. Ma : B. Jiang : L. Liu :W. Huang
Department of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
xwz09@ujs.edu.cn
N. Wang
Entry-exit inspection quarantine bureau, Zhenjiang 212000, People’s Republic of China
D. Niu :W. Yang : Z. Zhou
Department of Material science & engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/m35318n3l0627774/
Original abstract:
We report on the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (m-MIPs) for the selective adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from oil solution. The m-MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, transmission electron microscopy, surface area and porosity analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and selective recognition. The adsorption kinetics were modeled with the pseudofirst- order and pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherms were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The m-MIPs can selectively recognize DBT over similar compounds. Static adsorption experiments showed that the m-MIPs display excellent recognition capacity, selective affinity for DBT, and superparamagnetism in presence of an external magnetic field.
I think I can do better.
New and, in my opinion, improved, abstract
Organic sulfur compounds in fuel oil cause air pollution and acid rain, resulting in serious diseases of human respiratory system. In response, governments around the world have restricted the amount of acceptable sulfur content present in fuels to very low limits. The conventional method of sulfur removal is hydrodesulfurization. This process, however, is unable to remove refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives to the ultra low levels required by new environmental regulations. Molecular imprinting provides a new choice for adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess the advantages of easy and cheap preparation, low cost, mechanical and chemical stability. Recent attempts have been made to coat the thin MIP shells at the nanoparticle level, providing easy template removal, high adsorption capacity, low mass transportation resistance, and fast adsorption kinetics. The mag-MIPs are prepared by encapsulating inorganic magnetic particles with organic polymer, combining the advantages of high recognition properties of MIP and the handling convenience of magnetic separation. Magnetic separation can be performed directly in crude samples. Consequently, prepared mag-MIPs are promising multifunctional candidates for the adsorption and separation process. We have developed a relatively rapid and convenient method to adsorb and separate dibenzothiophene in oil solution. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employed as magnetic materials and synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Silica particles with stable chemical properties, firm physical structure and high mechanical strength were selected as protective molecules to effectively stabilize the iron oxides. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were embedded in the silica particles, and then coated with a thin MIPs film, which was obtained using dibenzothiophene as a template, 4- vinylpyridine as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, and azodiisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The resultant magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, transmission electron microscopy, surface area and porosity analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. In addition, adsorption properties such as equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and selective recognition were demonstrated by batch mode adsorption experiments.
///////
The second version includes sufficient technical information to let an expert know whether or not he or she wants to read the whole article. At the same time, it has enough non-technical information to inform both the interested layman and the researcher whose expertise lies elsewhere.
Suppose the technology described in the paper were to be featured on a program like National Public Radio’s Science Friday (www.npr.org) program, for example. Which of the above abstracts do you think would be more helpful to the NPR staffer assigned to research the topic?
A good abstract can help you advertise your research talent beyond the community of experts that share your interest.
At the end of this post is a before and after abstract writing exercise. You might also want to check out a couple of the following sources for helpful abstract writing hints.
///////
University of North Carolina College of Arts & Sciences
How to write abstracts
Source: http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/abstracts/
///////
Philip Koopman, Carnegie Mellon University
"Now that the use of on-line publication databases is prevalent, writing a really good abstract has become even more important than it was a decade ago. Abstracts have always served the function of "selling" your work. But now, instead of merely convincing the reader to keep reading the rest of the attached paper, an abstract must convince the reader" to purchase a copy of the article
"Writing an efficient abstract is hard work, but will repay you with increased impact on the world by enticing people to read your publications"
Source: http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html
///////
Emerald Insight
How to... write an abstract
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/write/abstracts.htm?part=1#2
///////
ABSTRACT WRITING EXERCISE
Here is an interesting article I found on the Web. The original abstract, reproduced below, is OK, but not great.
Microchim Acta (2012) 179:123–130
Synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer particles for selective adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene
H. Li :W. Xu (*) : X. Ma : B. Jiang : L. Liu :W. Huang
Department of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
xwz09@ujs.edu.cn
N. Wang
Entry-exit inspection quarantine bureau, Zhenjiang 212000, People’s Republic of China
D. Niu :W. Yang : Z. Zhou
Department of Material science & engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/m35318n3l0627774/
Original abstract:
We report on the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (m-MIPs) for the selective adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from oil solution. The m-MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, transmission electron microscopy, surface area and porosity analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and selective recognition. The adsorption kinetics were modeled with the pseudofirst- order and pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherms were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The m-MIPs can selectively recognize DBT over similar compounds. Static adsorption experiments showed that the m-MIPs display excellent recognition capacity, selective affinity for DBT, and superparamagnetism in presence of an external magnetic field.
I think I can do better.
New and, in my opinion, improved, abstract
Organic sulfur compounds in fuel oil cause air pollution and acid rain, resulting in serious diseases of human respiratory system. In response, governments around the world have restricted the amount of acceptable sulfur content present in fuels to very low limits. The conventional method of sulfur removal is hydrodesulfurization. This process, however, is unable to remove refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives to the ultra low levels required by new environmental regulations. Molecular imprinting provides a new choice for adsorption and separation of dibenzothiophene. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess the advantages of easy and cheap preparation, low cost, mechanical and chemical stability. Recent attempts have been made to coat the thin MIP shells at the nanoparticle level, providing easy template removal, high adsorption capacity, low mass transportation resistance, and fast adsorption kinetics. The mag-MIPs are prepared by encapsulating inorganic magnetic particles with organic polymer, combining the advantages of high recognition properties of MIP and the handling convenience of magnetic separation. Magnetic separation can be performed directly in crude samples. Consequently, prepared mag-MIPs are promising multifunctional candidates for the adsorption and separation process. We have developed a relatively rapid and convenient method to adsorb and separate dibenzothiophene in oil solution. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employed as magnetic materials and synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Silica particles with stable chemical properties, firm physical structure and high mechanical strength were selected as protective molecules to effectively stabilize the iron oxides. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were embedded in the silica particles, and then coated with a thin MIPs film, which was obtained using dibenzothiophene as a template, 4- vinylpyridine as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, and azodiisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The resultant magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, transmission electron microscopy, surface area and porosity analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. In addition, adsorption properties such as equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and selective recognition were demonstrated by batch mode adsorption experiments.
///////
The second version includes sufficient technical information to let an expert know whether or not he or she wants to read the whole article. At the same time, it has enough non-technical information to inform both the interested layman and the researcher whose expertise lies elsewhere.
Suppose the technology described in the paper were to be featured on a program like National Public Radio’s Science Friday (www.npr.org) program, for example. Which of the above abstracts do you think would be more helpful to the NPR staffer assigned to research the topic?
Friday, November 30, 2012
Another Go at Patent Searching
“Education is the
path from cocky ignorance to miserable uncertainty.” --
Mark Twain (American Humorist, Writer and Lecturer. 1835-1910)
Thanks to hyperlinks, finding interesting patents is easier than it used to be. And thanks to the U.S. Patent Office Classification System, you don’t have to rely on key words to produce the best results.
Here is an example of a path to the right classification number
Click on a classification number link
Study the definition
Decide whether it seems promising
Copy the classification number and paste it into the appropriate box on the patent search form.
STEP ONE: Suppose you have found the following patent …
///////
///////
STEP TWO: Click on each of the U.S. Classification links and read the description. Choose one or more of the classificatios.
In this example, there are three (3) classification numbers.
Current U.S. Classification: 208/89; 208/58; 208/59
STEP THREE: Do a Google® Patent Search on one of the U.S. Classifications
Let’s say that the description of classification number 208/58 looks interesting.
STEP FOUR: Scroll to the bottom of the results page and click Advanced Search
STEP FIVE: In the Advanced Search form, cut 208/58 and paste it into the box labeled Current U.S. Classification.
This produces about 700 hits.
STEP SIX: Modify by adding “desulfurization” in the box labeled With All the Words.
STEP SEVEN: Focus the search even more by using the Publication Date feature in the left column of the results page.
One of the resulting patents …
Hydrocarbon conversion process
www.google.com/patents/US7906013
Grant - Filed Feb 12, 2010 - Issued Mar 15, 2011 - Peter Kokayeff - UOP LLC
A process is provided to produce an ultra low sulfur diesel with ...
The beauty of this approach is that the U.S. Patent Office has done a lot of the work for you. Once you know the system, you can save yourself a lot of time.
Thanks to hyperlinks, finding interesting patents is easier than it used to be. And thanks to the U.S. Patent Office Classification System, you don’t have to rely on key words to produce the best results.
Here is an example of a path to the right classification number
Click on a classification number link
Study the definition
Decide whether it seems promising
Copy the classification number and paste it into the appropriate box on the patent search form.
STEP ONE: Suppose you have found the following patent …
///////
Crude oil desulfurization
Bruce E. Reynolds
Application number: 09/896,224
Publication number: US 2003/0000867 A1 Filing date: Jun 28, 2001 Issued patent: US6841062 (Issue date Jan 11, 2005) |
|
///////
STEP TWO: Click on each of the U.S. Classification links and read the description. Choose one or more of the classificatios.
In this example, there are three (3) classification numbers.
Current U.S. Classification: 208/89; 208/58; 208/59
STEP THREE: Do a Google® Patent Search on one of the U.S. Classifications
Let’s say that the description of classification number 208/58 looks interesting.
STEP FOUR: Scroll to the bottom of the results page and click Advanced Search
STEP FIVE: In the Advanced Search form, cut 208/58 and paste it into the box labeled Current U.S. Classification.
This produces about 700 hits.
STEP SIX: Modify by adding “desulfurization” in the box labeled With All the Words.
STEP SEVEN: Focus the search even more by using the Publication Date feature in the left column of the results page.
One of the resulting patents …
Hydrocarbon conversion process
www.google.com/patents/US7906013
Grant - Filed Feb 12, 2010 - Issued Mar 15, 2011 - Peter Kokayeff - UOP LLC
A process is provided to produce an ultra low sulfur diesel with ...
The beauty of this approach is that the U.S. Patent Office has done a lot of the work for you. Once you know the system, you can save yourself a lot of time.
Monday, November 26, 2012
Google® Scholar Cite function
“Hermits have no peer pressure.” -- Steven Wright (American Comedian,
b.1955)
Today’s Time Saver Tip: Use Google® Scholar’s Cite feature
Do you write articles for peer reviewed journals? If so, Google® Scholar has introduced a feature that could save you a lot of time.
Pretend for a moment that you want to cite the following article in your paper …
///////
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(1), 49-53 (2012)
Deep removal of sulfur from real diesel by catalytic oxidation with halogen-free ionic liquid
Dan Liu*, Jianzhou Gui*,†, Yong-Ki Park**, Shuang Yang*, Yuhuan Gao*, Xilai Peng*, and Zhaolin Sun*
jzgui@hotmail.com
*College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, P. R. China
**Green Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, Korea
Free Full Text Source:
http://www.springerlink.com/index/E7W1581P7LH2712G.pdf
///////
When you search for the article in Google® Scholar, you will find the following …
Click the Cite link to see the article formatted according to three different citation rulebooks …
Copy and paste the cite that is formatted according to your preferred method. Easy does it for peerless results.
Today’s Time Saver Tip: Use Google® Scholar’s Cite feature
Do you write articles for peer reviewed journals? If so, Google® Scholar has introduced a feature that could save you a lot of time.
Pretend for a moment that you want to cite the following article in your paper …
///////
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(1), 49-53 (2012)
Deep removal of sulfur from real diesel by catalytic oxidation with halogen-free ionic liquid
Dan Liu*, Jianzhou Gui*,†, Yong-Ki Park**, Shuang Yang*, Yuhuan Gao*, Xilai Peng*, and Zhaolin Sun*
jzgui@hotmail.com
*College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, P. R. China
**Green Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, Korea
Free Full Text Source:
http://www.springerlink.com/index/E7W1581P7LH2712G.pdf
///////
When you search for the article in Google® Scholar, you will find the following …
Click the Cite link to see the article formatted according to three different citation rulebooks …
Copy and paste the cite that is formatted according to your preferred method. Easy does it for peerless results.
Friday, November 16, 2012
2013 Conferences: Germany, China, Portugal
“Every
revolutionary idea seems to evoke three stages of reaction.
They may be summed up by the phrases: 1- It's completely impossible. 2- It's
possible, but it's not worth doing. 3- I said it was a good idea all along.”
-- Arthur C. Clarke (English Writer of science fiction, b.1917)Aimless wandering can sometimes produce wonderful results. That is how I found this list of upcoming conferences. I found the list on this site: http://events.dechema.de/events/en/tagungen.html
///////
2nd International Conference on Materials for Energy
EnMat II
Karlsruhe Convention Center, Germany
May 12 - May 16
AchemAsia 2013
CNCC Beijing, PR China
May 13 - May 16
11th Workshop on Polymer Reaction Engineering
Hamburg
May 21 - May 24
Transition to Renewable Energy Systems
3rd International Conference on Energy Process Engineering
DECHEMA-House, Frankfurt am Main
Jun 03 - Jun 06
EUROCORR 2013
Estoril Congress Center, Estoril/Portugal
Sep 01 - Sep 05
20th International Solvent Extraction Conference 2014
Congress Centrum Würzburg/Germany
Sep 07 - Sep 11
10th International Conference on Distillation & Absorption 2014
Friedrichshafen, Germany
Sep 14 - Sep 17
source: http://events.dechema.de/events/en/tagungen.html
///////
TIP: Click the CONFERENCE tag in the Desulfurization blog for leads on other conferences that might interest you.
Friday, November 9, 2012
Conference Alert: Russia and Oklahoma
“When the Oakies
left Oklahoma and moved to California, it raised the I.Q. of both states.”
-- Will Rogers (American entertainer & humorist, 1879-1935)
Two conferences are on the horizon, one in Russia, the other in Oklahoma. Thanks to Hydrocarbon Engineering (http://www.energyglobal.com/magazines/latestissue/hydrocarbon-engineering.aspx), which has my name on their email list.
///////
Russia & CIS Executive Summit - Downstream Oil & Gas, 21-23 February 2013, Dubai
Success in a challenging industry and a transnational marketplace depends on knowing the game and the players. To win in a global game of strategy, senior level executives aim to identify the best development opportunities and maximize them.
The 3rd Russia & CIS Executive Summit Downstream Oil and Gas will gather over 200 top executives, involved in developing the strategy for their companies and shaping the industry future in Russia & CIS and the world.
Success in a challenging industry and a transnational marketplace depends on knowing the game and the players. To win in a global game of strategy, senior level executives aim to identify the best development opportunities and maximize them.
The 3rd Russia & CIS Executive Summit Downstream Oil and Gas will gather over 200 top executives, involved in developing the strategy for their companies and shaping the industry future in Russia & CIS and the world.
CALL FOR PAPERS IS NOW OPEN
Key Industry Influencers are Invited to Present and Support this Important Event.
Top Managers from Russia & CIS and also international Oil & Gas companies will reveal their present and planned projects and the challenges they are facing.
If your company would like to contribute to the programme with ideas, suggestions or an intriguing, timely and informative presentation, aimed at a high level audience, please contact us
KEY TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
Markets Trends - The Global and Regional Outlooks
Impact of Shale Gas developments on the Global LNG & Petrochemicals markets
Major Challenges facing Russian / CIS Refiners & Petrochemical Companies
Ongoing & Planned Projects of the Major Companies
Development of the Petrochemical Clusters
Regulations and their Industry Impact
Expanding Abroad: Opportunities for Acquisitions of Refineries Abroad, M&A Issues
Financing New Projects/ Investing in Downstream Projects
Strategies for Improved Project Implementation Schedules
Existing Assets: Maximizing Efficiency and Margins
Major New Technologies & Optimisation Systems
Large Scale Modernisation Plans
Product Marketing & Trading
Supply Chain Optimisation
Transportation - Issues, Major Projects & their Impact on the Business Logistics
Source: http://www.europetro.com/en/summit13
///////
Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Annual Conference
February 24-27, 2013
University of Oklahoma - Norman, Oklahoma
Since 1951 the Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference has been an important forum for communication and transfer of technical information pertaining to the gas conditioning industry.
The 2013 Conference, with an expected attendance of over 300, will be hosted by the University of Oklahoma Outreach and held at the NCED Conference Center and hotel, in Norman Oklahoma..
Poster sessions
Poster sessions are an integral part of the LRGCC Conference program. Papers accepted for the poster session are required to meet the same criteria as papers accepted for the general conference.
At the poster session, text and supporting illustrations will be displayed. Poster authors will be present during the session to discuss their papers and answer questions. The schedule for poster sessions will be announced in the LRGCC program agenda.
The poster sessions will not conflict with the schedule of papers to be presented in the general sessions. All poster papers will be included in the LRGCC Proceedings.
Past topics have included:
•Gas Sweetening
•CO2 Removal
•Solvent Performance in sour gas treatment
•Dehydration
•Tail Gas Cleanup
•NGL Production as it relates to gas conditioning
•Solubility of hydrocarbons in amine solutions
•Sulfur degassing processes
•Catalyst evaluations
•Hydrate formation
•H2S removal
•Operations and recovery improvements
•Solving process problems due to heavy hydrocarbons
•Hannibal (Tunisia) gas plant case study
•Membrane ultrafiltration in hydrogen sulfide removal
•Oxidation in sulfur recovery
•Hazards of molten sulfur storage and handling
•Regulatory C02 Capture
Source: http://www.ou.edu/outreachceap/lrgcc_home.html
Two conferences are on the horizon, one in Russia, the other in Oklahoma. Thanks to Hydrocarbon Engineering (http://www.energyglobal.com/magazines/latestissue/hydrocarbon-engineering.aspx), which has my name on their email list.
///////
Russia & CIS Executive Summit - Downstream Oil & Gas, 21-23 February 2013, Dubai
Success in a challenging industry and a transnational marketplace depends on knowing the game and the players. To win in a global game of strategy, senior level executives aim to identify the best development opportunities and maximize them.
The 3rd Russia & CIS Executive Summit Downstream Oil and Gas will gather over 200 top executives, involved in developing the strategy for their companies and shaping the industry future in Russia & CIS and the world.
Success in a challenging industry and a transnational marketplace depends on knowing the game and the players. To win in a global game of strategy, senior level executives aim to identify the best development opportunities and maximize them.
The 3rd Russia & CIS Executive Summit Downstream Oil and Gas will gather over 200 top executives, involved in developing the strategy for their companies and shaping the industry future in Russia & CIS and the world.
CALL FOR PAPERS IS NOW OPEN
Key Industry Influencers are Invited to Present and Support this Important Event.
Top Managers from Russia & CIS and also international Oil & Gas companies will reveal their present and planned projects and the challenges they are facing.
If your company would like to contribute to the programme with ideas, suggestions or an intriguing, timely and informative presentation, aimed at a high level audience, please contact us
KEY TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
Markets Trends - The Global and Regional Outlooks
Impact of Shale Gas developments on the Global LNG & Petrochemicals markets
Major Challenges facing Russian / CIS Refiners & Petrochemical Companies
Ongoing & Planned Projects of the Major Companies
Development of the Petrochemical Clusters
Regulations and their Industry Impact
Expanding Abroad: Opportunities for Acquisitions of Refineries Abroad, M&A Issues
Financing New Projects/ Investing in Downstream Projects
Strategies for Improved Project Implementation Schedules
Existing Assets: Maximizing Efficiency and Margins
Major New Technologies & Optimisation Systems
Large Scale Modernisation Plans
Product Marketing & Trading
Supply Chain Optimisation
Transportation - Issues, Major Projects & their Impact on the Business Logistics
Source: http://www.europetro.com/en/summit13
///////
Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Annual Conference
February 24-27, 2013
University of Oklahoma - Norman, Oklahoma
Since 1951 the Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference has been an important forum for communication and transfer of technical information pertaining to the gas conditioning industry.
The 2013 Conference, with an expected attendance of over 300, will be hosted by the University of Oklahoma Outreach and held at the NCED Conference Center and hotel, in Norman Oklahoma..
Poster sessions
Poster sessions are an integral part of the LRGCC Conference program. Papers accepted for the poster session are required to meet the same criteria as papers accepted for the general conference.
At the poster session, text and supporting illustrations will be displayed. Poster authors will be present during the session to discuss their papers and answer questions. The schedule for poster sessions will be announced in the LRGCC program agenda.
The poster sessions will not conflict with the schedule of papers to be presented in the general sessions. All poster papers will be included in the LRGCC Proceedings.
Past topics have included:
•Gas Sweetening
•CO2 Removal
•Solvent Performance in sour gas treatment
•Dehydration
•Tail Gas Cleanup
•NGL Production as it relates to gas conditioning
•Solubility of hydrocarbons in amine solutions
•Sulfur degassing processes
•Catalyst evaluations
•Hydrate formation
•H2S removal
•Operations and recovery improvements
•Solving process problems due to heavy hydrocarbons
•Hannibal (Tunisia) gas plant case study
•Membrane ultrafiltration in hydrogen sulfide removal
•Oxidation in sulfur recovery
•Hazards of molten sulfur storage and handling
•Regulatory C02 Capture
Source: http://www.ou.edu/outreachceap/lrgcc_home.html
Thursday, November 1, 2012
Cite Specific
“Organic life, we are told,
has developed gradually from the protozoon to the philosopher, and this
development, we are assured, is indubitably an advance. Unfortunately it is the
philosopher, not the protozoon, who gives us this assurance.” -- Bertrand Russell
(English Logician and Philosopher 1872-1970)
One way to judge the significance of a technical article is to see how many times it has been cited in the literature. However, that’s not so effective for a recently published article. This one, for example, has only been cited a couple of times so far …
///////
Microchim Acta (2012) 176:375–380
Development of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer for the retention of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
Lou Ann Tom & Chelsea L. Gerard & Colin M. Hutchison & Amanda S. Brooker
L. A. Tom (*) : C. L. Gerard : C. M. Hutchison : A. S. Brooker
Chemistry Department, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
toml@susqu.edu
Abstract
Several molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the retention of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6- DMDBT) were prepared. The first was a polymer prepared non-covalently with methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymerized in the presence of 4,6-DMDBT. After extraction of 4,6-DMDBT, the selectivity of the imprinted polymer was evaluated by HPLC and compared to a non-imprinted control polymer prepared without 4,6- DMDBT. The imprinted polymer retained 4,6-DMDBT slightly longer than the control polymer. The second polymer was prepared using nickel (II)-methacryloylhistidinedihydrate monomer which was combined with 4,6-DMDBT, and polymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. This is a novel use of this monomer for retention of sulfur-containing organic compounds. Selectivity for 4,6-DMDBT was much greater in this polymer compared to the first, and retention in acetonitrile was more than three times greater on the imprinted polymer compared to a control polymer. Results indicate the potential use of this novel MIP for the removal of organosulfur compounds from fuel.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/w00403407m336m03/
///////
So, if an article is too new to be judged by the number of cites, try a different approach. Look at the articles cited by the newly minted work. Then see how many times the cited articles have been cited.
For example, here are cite statistics for three of the references cited by this article ...
Microbial biocatalyst developments to upgrade fossil fuels
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166906000577
by JJ Kilbane - 2006 - Cited by 55 - Related articles
Steady increases in the average sulfur content of petroleum and stricter environmental regulations concerning the sulfur content have promoted studies of ...
On novel processes for removing sulphur from refinery streams
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586106004093
by E Ito - 2006 - Cited by 149 - Related articles
Sep 15, 2006 – This review discusses some of the processes that have been, or are being, developed as an alternative/addition to present-day ...
Desulfurization of transportation fuels targeting at removal of ...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382008000076
by W Dai - 2008 - Cited by 20 - Related articles
Desulfurization of transportation fuels targeting at removal of thiophene/benzothiophene ... Desulfurization;; Transportation fuel;; Thiophene/benzothiophene; ...
Cite statistics are yet another useful feature of Google® Scholar. Check it out.
One way to judge the significance of a technical article is to see how many times it has been cited in the literature. However, that’s not so effective for a recently published article. This one, for example, has only been cited a couple of times so far …
///////
Microchim Acta (2012) 176:375–380
Development of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer for the retention of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
Lou Ann Tom & Chelsea L. Gerard & Colin M. Hutchison & Amanda S. Brooker
L. A. Tom (*) : C. L. Gerard : C. M. Hutchison : A. S. Brooker
Chemistry Department, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
toml@susqu.edu
Abstract
Several molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the retention of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6- DMDBT) were prepared. The first was a polymer prepared non-covalently with methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymerized in the presence of 4,6-DMDBT. After extraction of 4,6-DMDBT, the selectivity of the imprinted polymer was evaluated by HPLC and compared to a non-imprinted control polymer prepared without 4,6- DMDBT. The imprinted polymer retained 4,6-DMDBT slightly longer than the control polymer. The second polymer was prepared using nickel (II)-methacryloylhistidinedihydrate monomer which was combined with 4,6-DMDBT, and polymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. This is a novel use of this monomer for retention of sulfur-containing organic compounds. Selectivity for 4,6-DMDBT was much greater in this polymer compared to the first, and retention in acetonitrile was more than three times greater on the imprinted polymer compared to a control polymer. Results indicate the potential use of this novel MIP for the removal of organosulfur compounds from fuel.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/w00403407m336m03/
///////
So, if an article is too new to be judged by the number of cites, try a different approach. Look at the articles cited by the newly minted work. Then see how many times the cited articles have been cited.
For example, here are cite statistics for three of the references cited by this article ...
Microbial biocatalyst developments to upgrade fossil fuels
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166906000577
by JJ Kilbane - 2006 - Cited by 55 - Related articles
Steady increases in the average sulfur content of petroleum and stricter environmental regulations concerning the sulfur content have promoted studies of ...
On novel processes for removing sulphur from refinery streams
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586106004093
by E Ito - 2006 - Cited by 149 - Related articles
Sep 15, 2006 – This review discusses some of the processes that have been, or are being, developed as an alternative/addition to present-day ...
Desulfurization of transportation fuels targeting at removal of ...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382008000076
by W Dai - 2008 - Cited by 20 - Related articles
Desulfurization of transportation fuels targeting at removal of thiophene/benzothiophene ... Desulfurization;; Transportation fuel;; Thiophene/benzothiophene; ...
Cite statistics are yet another useful feature of Google® Scholar. Check it out.
Friday, October 26, 2012
What’s New with Vacuum Resid Hydrocracking
“Experience is the name every one gives to their mistakes.” --
Oscar Wilde (Irish Poet, Novelist, Dramatist and Critic, 1854-1900)
My 2009 post about ChevronTexaco’s Vacuum Resid Slurry Hydrocracking (VRSH) has been so popular that I decided to search for more current news on the process. One of the items appearing in search results was …
///////
LC‐MAX and Other LC‐FINING Process Enhancements to Extend Conversion and Onstream Factor
AFPM Annual Meeting, March 11-13, 2012, Manchester Grand Hyatt, San Diego, CA
AM-12-73
Presented By:
Mario Baldassari and Ujjal Mukherjee
Chevron Lummus Global
Abstract
Recent process enhancements incorporated into our LC-FINING unit designs and operating experience gained from recently commissioned units have led to a new generation of plants with reduced investment, improved energy efficiency, enhanced conversion capabilities and improved unit on-stream factors. An example of such a unit is GS Caltex’s 60 kBPSD Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker, which was commissioned the 3rd quarter of 2010 just 42 months after the kick-off of the Basic Engineering Design. This unit was able to achieve design throughput and conversion within 40 days of introducing vacuum residue feed and has been able to realize an on-stream factor of 94 percent over its first 18 months of operation, exceeding industry norms by 4 percent. In addition to the extended conversion capabilities of our LC-FINING process, Chevron Lummus Global has proceeded to develop the LC-MAX process to further alleviate conversion constraints. LC-MAX combines LCFINING and solvent deasphalting in an integrated hydroprocessing configuration, enabling residue conversions of 85 volume percent to be attained, even when processing very difficult high sediment forming opportunity crudes.
Full Text Source: http://www.chevron.com/products/sitelets/refiningtechnology/documents/2012_AM-12-73_Baldassari.pdf
///////
Search Tip Number 1: Use the following Google® search string:
Vacuum Residue Slurry Hydrocracking
To filter out all but the most recent articles, scroll to bottom of results page and click Advanced Search, then restrict to Past Year.
Search Tip Number 1: Google® the following for a quick look at the bio of one of the authors …
Linkedin lummus Ujjal Mukherjee
You will see …
Ujjal Mukherjee | LinkedIn
www.linkedin.com/pub/ujjal-mukherjee/3/a07/961
Greater New York City Area - VP Technology at CB&I
View Ujjal Mukherjee's professional profile on LinkedIn. ... Vice President, Technology at CB&I Lummus; VP Technology at Chevron Lummus Global; Vice ...
Now login to your LinkedIn account to see the full profile.
My 2009 post about ChevronTexaco’s Vacuum Resid Slurry Hydrocracking (VRSH) has been so popular that I decided to search for more current news on the process. One of the items appearing in search results was …
///////
LC‐MAX and Other LC‐FINING Process Enhancements to Extend Conversion and Onstream Factor
AFPM Annual Meeting, March 11-13, 2012, Manchester Grand Hyatt, San Diego, CA
AM-12-73
Presented By:
Mario Baldassari and Ujjal Mukherjee
Chevron Lummus Global
Abstract
Recent process enhancements incorporated into our LC-FINING unit designs and operating experience gained from recently commissioned units have led to a new generation of plants with reduced investment, improved energy efficiency, enhanced conversion capabilities and improved unit on-stream factors. An example of such a unit is GS Caltex’s 60 kBPSD Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker, which was commissioned the 3rd quarter of 2010 just 42 months after the kick-off of the Basic Engineering Design. This unit was able to achieve design throughput and conversion within 40 days of introducing vacuum residue feed and has been able to realize an on-stream factor of 94 percent over its first 18 months of operation, exceeding industry norms by 4 percent. In addition to the extended conversion capabilities of our LC-FINING process, Chevron Lummus Global has proceeded to develop the LC-MAX process to further alleviate conversion constraints. LC-MAX combines LCFINING and solvent deasphalting in an integrated hydroprocessing configuration, enabling residue conversions of 85 volume percent to be attained, even when processing very difficult high sediment forming opportunity crudes.
Full Text Source: http://www.chevron.com/products/sitelets/refiningtechnology/documents/2012_AM-12-73_Baldassari.pdf
///////
Search Tip Number 1: Use the following Google® search string:
Vacuum Residue Slurry Hydrocracking
To filter out all but the most recent articles, scroll to bottom of results page and click Advanced Search, then restrict to Past Year.
Search Tip Number 1: Google® the following for a quick look at the bio of one of the authors …
Linkedin lummus Ujjal Mukherjee
You will see …
Ujjal Mukherjee | LinkedIn
www.linkedin.com/pub/ujjal-mukherjee/3/a07/961
Greater New York City Area - VP Technology at CB&I
View Ujjal Mukherjee's professional profile on LinkedIn. ... Vice President, Technology at CB&I Lummus; VP Technology at Chevron Lummus Global; Vice ...
Now login to your LinkedIn account to see the full profile.
Friday, October 19, 2012
Call for Papers: Energy Efficiency
“If you call a tail a leg, how many legs has a dog? Five? No, calling a
tail a leg don't make it a leg.” -- Abraham Lincoln (American 16th US
President (1861-65), who brought about the emancipation of the slaves. 1809-1865)
Devising desulfurization methods that do not require huge amounts of energy remains a major challenge to the refining industry. Consequently, you may want to attend or even contribute to an upcoming energy efficiency conference.
Global Technology Forum (http://www.gtforum.com/) has issued a call for papers for its Energy Efficiency conference, scheduled for 18 April 2013 in Brussels.
Here are a few details abstracted from an email notification I received.
///////
ERTC Energy Efficiency Conference, Brussels, 18 April 2013
CALL FOR PAPERS: Deadline is Friday 9th November 2012
Global Technology Forum is pleased to bring the 4th ERTC Energy Efficiency conference to the city of Brussels. At the 2013 ERTC Energy Efficiency conference we will examine the current and future regulatory environment as well as the driving forces, risks and opportunities for energy efficiency improvement strategies and projects derived from it. Refiners will present their experiences and results on such projects, reducing emissions, managing their energy usage and the link between energy efficiency and improved profitability. We will also include case studies from refiners themselves that have successfully implemented opex and capex projects – embracing state of the art technologies to realise cost savings.
Global Technology Forum has again appointed an Advisory Board made up of industry experts from the world of refining to make the paper selection for the conference. You are now invited to submit one or two original papers for this conference for acceptance by the panel. Acceptance criteria will be on originality and technical innovation.
Preference will be given to papers giving case histories and actual operating experience. Papers from supply companies that are co-authored with operating companies will also be given preference.
Some hot topics for the conference programme are as follows but not restricted to (full listing can be found on the website http://email.gtforum.com/c/14I0n6XyomVvg9Scl0G8Lhnn56r)
* How to sustain an energy management programme in uncertain times
* The use of energy efficiency as a tool to sustain a profitable refining margin in times of fluctuating crude prices
* Accelerating innovation in energy-efficient processes: working with technology developers and suppliers
* Energy-efficient alternatives for hydrotreating/desulfurisation
* Optimising hydrogen supply and use in the refinery
* Experiences and results of energy saving projects/case studies in refineries
* On-line optimisation of energy consumption
* Waste heat recovery
* Heat exchanger fouling monitoring and cleaning optimisation
* KPEIs (Key Performance Energy Indicators) monitoring
* Efficient hydrogen management and usage
* CO2 management strategies
* EU Energy Efficiency Directive and its current situation
* Pinch analysis to improve energy integration
Contact: Vicki Pope, Conference Manager, Global Technology Forum, Tel: + 44 (0)20 7484 9729, vicki.pope@gtforum.com
///////
Search TIP: Lists like the above can yield useful additions to your list of key words and phrases. For example, KPEI – Key Performance Energy Indicator – is a term I have added to my list. My list helps me scour the Web for valuable articles, papers and reports.
Devising desulfurization methods that do not require huge amounts of energy remains a major challenge to the refining industry. Consequently, you may want to attend or even contribute to an upcoming energy efficiency conference.
Global Technology Forum (http://www.gtforum.com/) has issued a call for papers for its Energy Efficiency conference, scheduled for 18 April 2013 in Brussels.
Here are a few details abstracted from an email notification I received.
///////
ERTC Energy Efficiency Conference, Brussels, 18 April 2013
CALL FOR PAPERS: Deadline is Friday 9th November 2012
Global Technology Forum is pleased to bring the 4th ERTC Energy Efficiency conference to the city of Brussels. At the 2013 ERTC Energy Efficiency conference we will examine the current and future regulatory environment as well as the driving forces, risks and opportunities for energy efficiency improvement strategies and projects derived from it. Refiners will present their experiences and results on such projects, reducing emissions, managing their energy usage and the link between energy efficiency and improved profitability. We will also include case studies from refiners themselves that have successfully implemented opex and capex projects – embracing state of the art technologies to realise cost savings.
Global Technology Forum has again appointed an Advisory Board made up of industry experts from the world of refining to make the paper selection for the conference. You are now invited to submit one or two original papers for this conference for acceptance by the panel. Acceptance criteria will be on originality and technical innovation.
Preference will be given to papers giving case histories and actual operating experience. Papers from supply companies that are co-authored with operating companies will also be given preference.
Some hot topics for the conference programme are as follows but not restricted to (full listing can be found on the website http://email.gtforum.com/c/14I0n6XyomVvg9Scl0G8Lhnn56r)
* How to sustain an energy management programme in uncertain times
* The use of energy efficiency as a tool to sustain a profitable refining margin in times of fluctuating crude prices
* Accelerating innovation in energy-efficient processes: working with technology developers and suppliers
* Energy-efficient alternatives for hydrotreating/desulfurisation
* Optimising hydrogen supply and use in the refinery
* Experiences and results of energy saving projects/case studies in refineries
* On-line optimisation of energy consumption
* Waste heat recovery
* Heat exchanger fouling monitoring and cleaning optimisation
* KPEIs (Key Performance Energy Indicators) monitoring
* Efficient hydrogen management and usage
* CO2 management strategies
* EU Energy Efficiency Directive and its current situation
* Pinch analysis to improve energy integration
Contact: Vicki Pope, Conference Manager, Global Technology Forum, Tel: + 44 (0)20 7484 9729, vicki.pope@gtforum.com
///////
Search TIP: Lists like the above can yield useful additions to your list of key words and phrases. For example, KPEI – Key Performance Energy Indicator – is a term I have added to my list. My list helps me scour the Web for valuable articles, papers and reports.
Thursday, October 11, 2012
The neck bone connected to the head bone
“Life is hardly more than a fraction of a second. Such a little time to prepare
oneself for eternity!” -- Paul Gauguin (French painter, printmaker, and
sculptor, 1848-1903)
Everything is connected to everything else. Take the following article, for example …
///////
“In-situ Electrochemical Desulfurization of Crude Oil and Its Fraction,” by Dr. Ahmad D. Hammad, Dr. Zaki Yusuf and Nayef Al-Rasheedi, IN: Saudi Aramco Journal Of Technology Summer 2012
"The advantages of in-situ hydrodesulfurization is that it is carried out in milder conditions, at lower temperature (~250 °C) and pressure (~40 atm) with lower hydrogen partial pressure. The process also has the ability to accommodate various types of low cost electrocatalysts for targeting the poly-aromatic molecules during the electrocatalytic reactions, thereby reducing the total cost."
source: http://www.saudiaramco.com/content/dam/Publications/Journal%20of%20Technology/Summer%202012/JOTSummer2012_electrochemical_desulfurization.pdf
///////
As interesting as the article is, Dr. Hammad’s bio is even more thought provoking. He "is currently leading the Solar Energy sub-team under the Carbon Management Team in the Research and Development Center (R&DC)"
I Googled® using the following search string …
Aramco solar
The results were remarkable. Saudi Aramco, it seems, is into solar in a BIG way. Here is a sample of what I found.
Saudi Aramco has set up a venture capital arm called Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures (http://www.aramcoventures.com/) whose purpose is to identify and invest in emerging technologies that are a strategic fit with the oil giant. Solar energy is at the top of the list of areas of interest.
In addition, Saudi Aramco has built several pilot solar energy plants, including the following …
“The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, (http://www.kapsarc.org) built by Saudi Aramco, will include solar panels that will generate 3.5 megawatts of energy.
“A new Saudi Aramco-built solar facility at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (http://www.kaust.edu.sa/) will generate two megawatts of energy.
Source: http://www.saudiaramco.com/en/home/our-vision/future-of-petroleum/solar-program-with-showa-shell.html#our-vision%257C%252Fen%252Fhome%252Four-vision%252Ffuture-of-petroleum%252Fsolar-program-with-showa-shell.baseajax.html”
It would appear that the oil bone is connected to the sun bone.
Everything is connected to everything else. Take the following article, for example …
///////
“In-situ Electrochemical Desulfurization of Crude Oil and Its Fraction,” by Dr. Ahmad D. Hammad, Dr. Zaki Yusuf and Nayef Al-Rasheedi, IN: Saudi Aramco Journal Of Technology Summer 2012
"The advantages of in-situ hydrodesulfurization is that it is carried out in milder conditions, at lower temperature (~250 °C) and pressure (~40 atm) with lower hydrogen partial pressure. The process also has the ability to accommodate various types of low cost electrocatalysts for targeting the poly-aromatic molecules during the electrocatalytic reactions, thereby reducing the total cost."
source: http://www.saudiaramco.com/content/dam/Publications/Journal%20of%20Technology/Summer%202012/JOTSummer2012_electrochemical_desulfurization.pdf
///////
As interesting as the article is, Dr. Hammad’s bio is even more thought provoking. He "is currently leading the Solar Energy sub-team under the Carbon Management Team in the Research and Development Center (R&DC)"
I Googled® using the following search string …
Aramco solar
The results were remarkable. Saudi Aramco, it seems, is into solar in a BIG way. Here is a sample of what I found.
Saudi Aramco has set up a venture capital arm called Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures (http://www.aramcoventures.com/) whose purpose is to identify and invest in emerging technologies that are a strategic fit with the oil giant. Solar energy is at the top of the list of areas of interest.
In addition, Saudi Aramco has built several pilot solar energy plants, including the following …
“The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, (http://www.kapsarc.org) built by Saudi Aramco, will include solar panels that will generate 3.5 megawatts of energy.
“A new Saudi Aramco-built solar facility at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (http://www.kaust.edu.sa/) will generate two megawatts of energy.
Source: http://www.saudiaramco.com/en/home/our-vision/future-of-petroleum/solar-program-with-showa-shell.html#our-vision%257C%252Fen%252Fhome%252Four-vision%252Ffuture-of-petroleum%252Fsolar-program-with-showa-shell.baseajax.html”
It would appear that the oil bone is connected to the sun bone.
Tuesday, October 2, 2012
China and India: Two Countries, Two Conferences
“A building has integrity just like a man. And
just as seldom.” -- Ayn Rand (Russian born American Writer and Novelist,
1905-1982)
The economies of China and India are growing fast. Their energy needs are growing as well, with all the attendant problems thereof, including desulfurization. Consequently, much research on the problem is being published in these two countries.
For example, the Google® Scholar search string desulfurization AND (china OR india) results in a couple of interesting articles.
///////
Environmental Science & Technology》 2012-01
Advance in Adsorptive Desulfurization
ZHOU Wei, XU Wan-zhen*, HUANG Wei-hong, LI Hui, WU Xiang-yang (School of Environment,Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)
Compared with traditional hydrodesulfurization, adsorptive desulfurization which has mild conditions, significantly efficient and financially feasible is becoming a popular research in the trend of oil deep desulfurization. The adsorptive desulfurization method, mechanism, absorbents and absorbents regeneration were reviewed. According to adsorption mechanism, a series of adsorbents such as zeolite,activated carbon,metal oxide and composite metal oxide, clay, and research of their absorbability were introduced. Some suggestions to further research of adsorptive desulfurization were also proposed.
【Key Words】： adsorptive desulfurizationadsorbentsadsorptive mechanism
Source: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FJKS201201027.htm
Fuel Processing Technology
Volume 93, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 18–25
Oxidative desulfurization by chromium promoted sulfated zirconia
Sachin Kumara,
Vimal Chandra Srivastavab
R.P. Badonia
a Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248006, Uttarakhand, India
b Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Chromium promoted sulfated zirconia (CSZ), prepared by wetness impregnation technique, was characterized by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron probe microscopic analysis (EPMA). Bulk density and Brauner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of CSZ were found to be 0.996 kg/m3 and 116.2 m2/g, respectively. CSZ was further used as catalyst for the oxidative removal of sulfur from model oil (dibenzothiophene, DBT, dissolved in iso-octane). Optimum CSZ dose was found to be 5 g/l. The catalytic oxidation of DBT by CSZ was found to be gradual process with optimum reaction time of 6 h. The activation energy for DBT conversion by CSZ was found to be 3.8 kJ/mol.
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382011003110
///////
If you want to keep with the latest developments in China and India, you could do worse than attend one or both of the following conferences …
///////
New Delhi 19/02/2013 - 20/02/2013
Refining India, New Delhi 19-20 February 2013
Building on the continuing success of our Refining China conference (next year to be held 20-21 March in Beijing; see the Refining China page for more details), we are extending the formula to India.
If you are interested in making a presentation at one, or both, of these conferences please submit a draft title and abstract for consideration, indicating to which of the conferences you wish to present, or whether it's to both.
The content of submissions should be directly relevant to conditions in the country or countries in question. Our preferences are for case study based papers outlining process solutions, particularly relating to energy efficiency and in the refining of heavy crudes.
We would point out that speaking slots filled very quickly for the last Refining China and we had to turn away a number of proposals that didn't sufficiently meet the criteria we had set, so in order to maximise your chance of acceptance, do, please, submit early (preferably by 14 September) and take note of our preferences.
Submissions to: proposals@crambethallen.com
Refining India is being held in partnership with the Lovraj Kumar Memorial Trust, a leading Indian provider of technical events in the hydrocarbon industries since 1994.
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(yhpgk445niiz2pnayd2del55))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=15&d=1/
///////
Beijing 20/03/2013 - 21/03/2013
The 7th Refining China conference will take place at the Regent Hotel, Beijing on 20-21 March 2013
Building on the continuing success of China's longest established international refinery technology event, we are extending the formula next year to India (see the Refining India page for more details).
If you are interested in making a presentation at one, or both, of these conferences please submit a draft title and abstract for consideration, indicating to which of the conferences you wish to present, or whether it's to both.
The content of submissions should be directly relevant to conditions in the country or countries in question. Our preferences are for case study based papers outlining process solutions, particularly relating to energy efficiency and in the refining of heavy crudes.
We would point out that speaking slots filled very quickly for the last Refining China and we had to turn away a number of proposals that didn't sufficiently meet the criteria we had set, so in order to maximise your chance of acceptance, do, please, submit early (preferably by 14 September) and take note of our preferences.
Submissions to: proposals@crambethallen.com
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(ckgjmp553jl3nfqngodkw4fp))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=14
///////
By way of background, you will find the following information describing the previous Refining China event …
///////
The 6th REFINING CHINA conference was held at the Regent Hotel, Bejing, 28-29 March 2012.
Our line-up for 2012 was as follows:
Cao Xianghong, Chairman, Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China Selecting refining production technology in China
Ling Yuqun, Vice president, Sinopec Energy saving and low emission technologies in China's refineries
Sun LIli, Vice General Manager, Sinopec Engineering Inc Refinery design to meet low-carbon requirements
Yan Shaochun, President, Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation Technological developments in the China coal liquefaction industry
He Shengbao, Vice President, CNPC The development of petroleum refining
technology in PetroChina
Dong Xiao Li, General Manager, CNOOC Integrated innovation and application of sour and heavy oil processing technology
ExxonMobil Producing clean fuel gas
BP Measuring PBS values for crude oil selection
Saudi Aramco Increasing energy recovery in Preflash tower preheat train network
Jacobs Improving refining performance: where to start?
The Catalyst Group The Future of Catalysts: Business Shifts in the Global Process Industries
Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry (RIPI) Tehran Evaluation of the Effects of Feed Characteristics and Operating Variables on the Naphtha Isomerization Process
Soteica Online utilities real time optimisation at a large Chinese petrochemical complex
Baker Hughes Heavy crudes processing
Intercat Reducing FCC heavy fuel oil yield
Air Products Technical innovations in on-purpose H2 making solutions
HaaenSage Engineering Leak detection and repair techniques
Air Liquide Improved hydrogen plant design
Albermarle Catalysts and technology solutions for diesel upgrading catalysts
Dorf Ketal Additives to address problems in heavy oil processing
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(2rux5421iiosbeim5n13pxfd))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=13
The economies of China and India are growing fast. Their energy needs are growing as well, with all the attendant problems thereof, including desulfurization. Consequently, much research on the problem is being published in these two countries.
For example, the Google® Scholar search string desulfurization AND (china OR india) results in a couple of interesting articles.
///////
Environmental Science & Technology》 2012-01
Advance in Adsorptive Desulfurization
ZHOU Wei, XU Wan-zhen*, HUANG Wei-hong, LI Hui, WU Xiang-yang (School of Environment,Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)
Compared with traditional hydrodesulfurization, adsorptive desulfurization which has mild conditions, significantly efficient and financially feasible is becoming a popular research in the trend of oil deep desulfurization. The adsorptive desulfurization method, mechanism, absorbents and absorbents regeneration were reviewed. According to adsorption mechanism, a series of adsorbents such as zeolite,activated carbon,metal oxide and composite metal oxide, clay, and research of their absorbability were introduced. Some suggestions to further research of adsorptive desulfurization were also proposed.
【Key Words】： adsorptive desulfurizationadsorbentsadsorptive mechanism
Source: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FJKS201201027.htm
Fuel Processing Technology
Volume 93, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 18–25
Oxidative desulfurization by chromium promoted sulfated zirconia
Sachin Kumara,
Vimal Chandra Srivastavab
R.P. Badonia
a Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248006, Uttarakhand, India
b Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Chromium promoted sulfated zirconia (CSZ), prepared by wetness impregnation technique, was characterized by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron probe microscopic analysis (EPMA). Bulk density and Brauner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of CSZ were found to be 0.996 kg/m3 and 116.2 m2/g, respectively. CSZ was further used as catalyst for the oxidative removal of sulfur from model oil (dibenzothiophene, DBT, dissolved in iso-octane). Optimum CSZ dose was found to be 5 g/l. The catalytic oxidation of DBT by CSZ was found to be gradual process with optimum reaction time of 6 h. The activation energy for DBT conversion by CSZ was found to be 3.8 kJ/mol.
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382011003110
///////
If you want to keep with the latest developments in China and India, you could do worse than attend one or both of the following conferences …
///////
New Delhi 19/02/2013 - 20/02/2013
Refining India, New Delhi 19-20 February 2013
Building on the continuing success of our Refining China conference (next year to be held 20-21 March in Beijing; see the Refining China page for more details), we are extending the formula to India.
If you are interested in making a presentation at one, or both, of these conferences please submit a draft title and abstract for consideration, indicating to which of the conferences you wish to present, or whether it's to both.
The content of submissions should be directly relevant to conditions in the country or countries in question. Our preferences are for case study based papers outlining process solutions, particularly relating to energy efficiency and in the refining of heavy crudes.
We would point out that speaking slots filled very quickly for the last Refining China and we had to turn away a number of proposals that didn't sufficiently meet the criteria we had set, so in order to maximise your chance of acceptance, do, please, submit early (preferably by 14 September) and take note of our preferences.
Submissions to: proposals@crambethallen.com
Refining India is being held in partnership with the Lovraj Kumar Memorial Trust, a leading Indian provider of technical events in the hydrocarbon industries since 1994.
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(yhpgk445niiz2pnayd2del55))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=15&d=1/
///////
Beijing 20/03/2013 - 21/03/2013
The 7th Refining China conference will take place at the Regent Hotel, Beijing on 20-21 March 2013
Building on the continuing success of China's longest established international refinery technology event, we are extending the formula next year to India (see the Refining India page for more details).
If you are interested in making a presentation at one, or both, of these conferences please submit a draft title and abstract for consideration, indicating to which of the conferences you wish to present, or whether it's to both.
The content of submissions should be directly relevant to conditions in the country or countries in question. Our preferences are for case study based papers outlining process solutions, particularly relating to energy efficiency and in the refining of heavy crudes.
We would point out that speaking slots filled very quickly for the last Refining China and we had to turn away a number of proposals that didn't sufficiently meet the criteria we had set, so in order to maximise your chance of acceptance, do, please, submit early (preferably by 14 September) and take note of our preferences.
Submissions to: proposals@crambethallen.com
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(ckgjmp553jl3nfqngodkw4fp))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=14
///////
By way of background, you will find the following information describing the previous Refining China event …
///////
The 6th REFINING CHINA conference was held at the Regent Hotel, Bejing, 28-29 March 2012.
Our line-up for 2012 was as follows:
Cao Xianghong, Chairman, Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China Selecting refining production technology in China
Ling Yuqun, Vice president, Sinopec Energy saving and low emission technologies in China's refineries
Sun LIli, Vice General Manager, Sinopec Engineering Inc Refinery design to meet low-carbon requirements
Yan Shaochun, President, Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation Technological developments in the China coal liquefaction industry
He Shengbao, Vice President, CNPC The development of petroleum refining
technology in PetroChina
Dong Xiao Li, General Manager, CNOOC Integrated innovation and application of sour and heavy oil processing technology
ExxonMobil Producing clean fuel gas
BP Measuring PBS values for crude oil selection
Saudi Aramco Increasing energy recovery in Preflash tower preheat train network
Jacobs Improving refining performance: where to start?
The Catalyst Group The Future of Catalysts: Business Shifts in the Global Process Industries
Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry (RIPI) Tehran Evaluation of the Effects of Feed Characteristics and Operating Variables on the Naphtha Isomerization Process
Soteica Online utilities real time optimisation at a large Chinese petrochemical complex
Baker Hughes Heavy crudes processing
Intercat Reducing FCC heavy fuel oil yield
Air Products Technical innovations in on-purpose H2 making solutions
HaaenSage Engineering Leak detection and repair techniques
Air Liquide Improved hydrogen plant design
Albermarle Catalysts and technology solutions for diesel upgrading catalysts
Dorf Ketal Additives to address problems in heavy oil processing
source: http://www.eptq.com/conference/(S(2rux5421iiosbeim5n13pxfd))/view_conference.aspx?intCID=13
Free Webcast
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Jean Steinhardt
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Jean Steinhardt
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2012-10-02T15:18:00Z
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“The chief cause of problems is solutions.” -- Eric Sevareid (American
Journalist, 1912-1992)
This looks interesting …
Oct 10, 2012
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10:00 AM Central Daylight Time11:00 AM
Eastern Daylight Time09:00 AM Mountain Daylight Time03:00 PM Greenwich Mean
Time
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FREE
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Approximately one hour.
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Clyde Fulton, Specialist, Water
Treatment - Heavy Oil Technology Centre , Statoil Canada Ltd John Zhou,
Executive Director, Environmental Management , Alberta Innovates - Energy and
Environment Solutions
(AI-EES) James Cleland, General Manager , GE Heavy Oil Solutions
Bill Heins, General Manager, Thermal Products , GE
Water & Process Technologies Bob Tippee, Editor
, Oil & Gas Journal
|
According to the Webcast site …
“While
oil sands production continues to increase, many companies are finding ways to
reduce water used in the recovery process. In fact in-situ projects recycle
over 90% of the water used in their operations. Join a panel of GE and heavy
oil industry experts as the topic of water sustainability in the heavy oil
industry is discussed live from GE’s Calgary Innovation Centre. The current
challenges facing the industry will be addressed and technologies that can be
deployed to address water-specific initiatives will be highlighted.”
Two of the speakers are …
Clyde
Fulton Specialist, Water Treatment - Heavy Oil Technology CentreStatoil Canada Ltd
|
||
John
Zhou Executive Director, Environmental ManagementAlberta
Innovates - Energy and Environment Solutions (AI-EES)
|
Alberta Innovates (http://www.albertainnovates.ca/)
has funded a number of research projects pertaining to heavy oil. Here’s one of them …
///////
"Toluene Depletion in Produced Oil
Contributes to Souring Control in a Field Subjected to Nitrate Injection"
Akhil
Agrawal †, Hyung soo Park †, Safia Nathoo †, Lisa M. Gieg †, Thomas
R. Jack †, Kirk Miner ‡, Ryan Ertmoed ‡, Aaron Benko §, and Gerrit Voordouw *†
† Petroleum Microbiology Research Group,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive
NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
‡ Baker Hughes Incorporated, 208
Saskatchewan Drive NE, Redcliff, Alberta, T0J 2P0, Canada
§ Enerplus
Corporation, 3000 333 Seventh Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2Z12, Canada
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (2), pp 1285–1292
DOI: 10.1021/es203748b
Publication Date (Web): December 9, 2011
e-mail:
voordouw@ucalgary.ca
///////
SEARCH TIP:
Explore what else Alberta Innovates has been involved in, by searching Google® Scholar using the following search statement:
"alberta
innovates" AND "heavy oil"
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