“The weakest link in the chain is also the strongest. It can break the chain.” Stanislaw Jerzy Lec (Polish writer, poet and satirist 1906-1966)
Thanks to my membership in a LinkedIn group on Heavy Oil, I was alerted to the Middle East Technology Forum for Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading and Petrochemicals or ME-TECH for short.
Quoting from the Web page describing the event …
///////
What is ME TECH 2011?
Euro Petroleum Consultants is pleased to introduce the Middle East Technology Forum for Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading and Petrochemicals (ME-TECH 2011). ME-TECH is the only dedicated conference and exhibition in the Middle East presenting the latest technology developments in the Downstream Industry.
source: http://www.europetro.com/index.php?option=com_event&Itemid=240
Thanks to ...
Tamimah Dhaher, Director at Euro Petroleum Consultants (Tamimah_Dhaher@EuroPetro.com) LinkedIn profile: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=7669120&authType=name&authToken=a-i9&goback=%2Egde_152320_member_30595231
In her post to the group, Tamimah writes …
“Hello, for any members involved in MENA region and Asia, you will be interested in this link I hope. It is for a downstream technology event in Dubai, sponsored by UOP, AXENS, FOSTER WHEELER & ALBEMARLE. Supported by the GPCA. Also, TAKREER & DOLPHIN ENERGY will be making a presentation and taking part. Contact me if you'd like to see the full programme. Many thanks, Tamimah Dhaher”
///////
Other Euro Petroleum Consultants events you might want to check out include …
EPC EVENT SCHEDULE 2011
www.europetro.com
ME-TECH 2011 Conference & Exhibition
The Middle East Technology Forum for Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading &
Petrochemicals
24 - 26 January 2011, Madinat Jumeirah, Dubai, U.A.E.
The event will consist of two parallel sessions. Session A: Gas/Petrochemicals and Session B:
Refining/Reside upgrading. The theme will be Latest Technology Developments for downstream,
presented by the leading companies and highly geared to the Middle East region. We anticipate
more then 500 attendees and at least 30 exhibitors. The conference will be offered in Arabic as well
as English.
RUSSIA & CIS DOWNSTREAM LEADERS’ SUMMIT
27 - 28 January, Madinat Jumeirah, Dubai
This event will focus upon the present challenges that the high level decision makers in the Russia &
CIS downstream industry are facing. Some of the main issues that will be addressed are:
- Status and outlook for global downstream industry
- Downstream challenges in Russia and FSU
- Long term strategic planning & facilitation
- Expanding abroad
- Latest technologies for significantly improving margins. Optimisation solutions. Large Scale
Projects Updates
- Green issues and opportunities
- Management solutions: risk management, supply chain management, change management
- Project financing & execution
- Acquisitions and investor relations
- Legal Issues
Day 1 will begin with Market Outlook and Challenges and will then divide into 2 parallel sessions A:
Strategies, Technologies, Solutions B: Financial & Legal. Day 2 will consist of theme workshops,
roundtables and meetings. The conference languages will be Russian and English.
APRIL
Moscow
THE PROJECTS FORUM
3rd week April, Moscow
This event will allow Russian and FSU Refiners & Petrochemical producers to meet their western
counterparts from different regions to exchange ideas and discuss their specific problems concerning
project financing, managing, executing and completing successfully.
RUSSIA BBTC
Russia & CIS Bottom of the Barrel Technology Conference & Exhibition
3rd week April, Moscow
Russia BBTC remains the only event for Russia and CIS market capable of bringing you up to date
with the latest economic and technology developments for upgrading crude oil residues in Russia &
CIS, including modernisation of existing facilities, new units and the latest catalyst and technology
improvements.
ASIA-TECH 2011 Special Focus on China
16-18 May, Beijing
The Asian Technology Forum for Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading &
Petrochemicals
The event will combine the topics and regular audiences of our previous Asian events (APTC & Asia
BBTC) and add larger variety of timely topics, attract larger audience and provide greater
opportunities to network. It will consist of two days with parallel sessions in the following format:
Pre-conference Day: Half or Full day Seminars of Leading Technology Providers (TBC)
Day One: Hall A: Gas Processing/ Hall B: Refining;
Day Two: Hall A: Petrochemicals/ Hall B: Bottom of the Barrel Upgrading.
The event will assess the current performance, future outlook and latest technology developments
for the petrochemical, gas and refining industries in Asia and especially in China.
JUNE
Dubrovnik
IPTC
International Petrochemicals Technology Conference
13 – 14 June, Dubrovnik
Leading players in the Europe, North Africa and South America’s petrochemical industry and
international technology and equipment providers will gather to be updated on the latest market
issues and latest technologies for olefins, polyolefins and aromatics. Refining & petrochemicals
integration including case studies will be covered widely.
CAT-TECH
Global Catalysts Technology Forum
15 – 16 June, Dubrovnik
This is the only International forum focusing solely on catalyst technology developments, catalysts
management issues and practices: Residue, FCC, Reforming, ISOM, Diesel HDT, Dewaxing and
Hydrogen Catalysts, VGO Hydrotreating, Cracked Gas Oils and Naphtha HDT etc.
SEPTEMBER
Moscow
MOSCOW REFINING, GAS & PETROCHEMICALS WEEKS
incorporating IGTC, RPTC & RRTC:
IGTC
International Gas Technology Conference & Exhibition
3rd week of September, Moscow
Gas Monetization; Gas Treating & Separation; Upgrading C3 and C4; Gas to Chemicals,
Petrochemicals and Fuels; GTL & LNG; Market Issues, Development Challenges and
Recent Projects for Russia, CIS and Caspian
RPTC
Russia & CIS Petrochemicals Strategy & Technology Conference & Exhibition
3rd week of September, Moscow
Emerging Olefin, Polyolefin Aromatics & Derivatives Technologies; Upgrading Steam
Cracker; Best Practices and Strategies from Petrochemical Plants in Russia, CIS and East
Europe; Outlook for the Industry in the Region
RRTC
Russia & CIS Refining Technology Conference & Exhibition
3rd week of September, Moscow
This traditionally strongest and most established EPC event will cover latest Updates and
Case Studies on: Clean Fuels Technology Developments, Optimization Tools, FCC
Technologies; Unique Networking and Marketing Opportunities.
GREEN FORUM
Green Refining & Petrochemicals Forum
2nd week October, Rome (tbc)
The Green Forum for Refining and Petrochemicals will focus on the latest technologies, issues,
trends, regulations and strategies for: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Increasing Energy
Efficiency, Low Carbon
Fuels, CO2 Capture & Sequestration, Renewable Energy Sources, Update on Biofuels technologies.
BBTC
International Bottom of the Barrel Technology Conference & Exhibition
2nd week October, Rome (tbc)
Decision makers from major refineries worldwide and leading technology, solutions and equipment
providers will gather once again at BBTC 2010 to network and get updated with the latest residue
upgrading trends, projects and technology developments for Delayed Coking, Hydroprocessing and
Gasification.
LAT-TECH
The Latin America Technology Forum for Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading &
Petrochemicals
Dates and Location are to be confirmed
The event will consist of two parallel sessions. Session A: Gas/Petrochemicals and Session B:
Refining/Reside upgrading. The theme will be Latest Technology Developments for downstream, presented
by the leading companies. The event will consist of pre conference day and two days of parallel sessions:
Pre-conference Day: Half or Full day Seminars of Leading Technology Providers (TBC)
Day One: Hall A: Gas Processing/ Hall B: Refining;
Day Two: Hall A: Petrochemicals/ Hall B: Bottom of the Barrel Upgrading.
The event will assess the current performance, future outlook and latest technology developments for the
petrochemical, gas and refining industries. We anticipate more than 500 attendees and at least 30 exhibitors.
The Conference will be offered in Spanish and Portuguese as well as English
source: http://europetro.blogspot.com/2010/07/euro-petroleum-consultants-release-its.html
///////
If you like receiving the kind of information presented in the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/), forward the link to friends and colleagues. They will thank you for your thoughtfulness.
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Saturday, September 25, 2010
A piece of the pie: Scholar Alert: [ "π complexation" ]
“If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe.” -- Dr. Carl Sagan (American Astronomer, Writer and Scientist, 1934-1996)
The ostensible purpose of this blog is to highlight desulfurization resources, but truth be told, tips and tricks are what this blog is all about.
Below are abstracts of a number of articles I found by virtue of the fact that I subscribe to a Google Scholar alert on "π complexation." This is a term that crops up in many articles pertaining to desulfurization.
Several lessons to be learned here …
Alerts … create them judiciously, to avoid information overload
Google tools … Google provides a number of tools and resources that can make your job easier, including Scholar searching. Create a Scholar search to focus on scholarly articles. If the search retrieves the type of information you need, use the search to create an alert
Key words … as you find and read articles of interest, note the key words that can help you create future searches
Metadata … there is data, and there is data ABOUT the data … that’s metadata. Metadata includes author names, journal names, institution names, and assigned keywords. Make a note, keep a list, of the metadata of articles of interest to you … you will build a personal database of metadata that can help you focus future searches.
///////
Selected results of recent Google Scholar Alert: [ "π complexation" ]
///////
Fuel Processing Technology
Oxidation desulfurization of fuel using pyridinium-based ionic liquids as phase-transfer catalysts
Dishun Zhao a (dishunzhao@yahoo.com.cn), Yanan Wang b, Erhong Duan c and Juan Zhang a
a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shi jiazhuang 050018, China
b School of Textile and Garment, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
c School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
Received 20 February 2010; revised 22 July 2010; accepted 1 August 2010. Available online 9 September 2010.
Abstract
In this work, several ionic liquids based on pyridinium cations are prepared. The ionic liquids are employed as phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) for phasetransfer catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) dissolved in n-octane. The partition coefficients of DBT between ionic liquids and n-octane are investigated. Then H2O2–formic acid is used as an oxidant and ionic liquids are used as PTCs. The reaction turns to be heterogeneous and desulfurization rate of DBT increased apparently. When IL ([BPy]HSO4) is used as PTC, and the condition are: temperature is 60 °C, time is 60 min, H2O2/sulfur molar ratio (O/S) is 4, the desulfurization rate reaches the maximum (93.3%), and the desulfurization of the real gasoline is also investigated, 87.7% of sulfur contents are removed under optima reaction conditions. The PTC [BPy]HSO4 can be recycled for five times without significant decrease in activity.
Keywords: Desulfurization; Phase-transfer catalysts; Oxidation; Ionic liquids
///////
Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium Data in Ionic Liquid + 4-Methyldibenzothiophene + n-Dodecane Systems
Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira and Martn Aznar*
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/ie1009876
Publication Date (Web): September 7, 2010
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +55 19 3521 3962. E-mail: maznar@feq.unicamp.br.
AbstractIn this work, liquid−liquid equilibrium data for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([emim][DEtPO4]) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]) + 4-methyl-dibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) + n-dodecane systems at 25 and 40 °C and atmospheric pressure (≈95 kPa) were determined by refractometry. 4-MDBT is a DBT derivative and it is one of the most difficult diesel sulfur pollutants to remove by the conventional process of hydrodesulfurization. The liquid−liquid equilibrium data were used to study the 4-MDBT extraction from n-dodecane as model diesel oil. 4-MDBT distribution coefficients, solvent selectivities, and extraction data also indicate that [emim][DEtPO4] is a better solvent for extractive desulfurization of n-dodecane than [emim][EtSO4]. For a solvent/n-dodecane mass ratio of 0.6, the sulfur content in n-dodecane decreases 17−24% and 5−15% for [emim][DEtPO4] and [emim][EtSO4], respectively. The quality of the data was ascertained by the Hand and Othmer−Tobias correlations, which presented R2 > 0.97 for all systems. The NRTL model was used to correlate the data and showed root-mean-square deviations of <0.15%.
///////
Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Vol. 7, No. 1 (Winter), 2010, IAChE
Selective Transport of Propylene by Silver Ion Complex Through
an Immobilized Liquid Membrane
M. Takht Ravanchi1,2, T. Kaghazchi1∗, A. Kargari3
1- Center of Excellence for Petrochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir
University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
2- National Petrochemical Company, Research and Technology Co., Tehran, Iran.
3- Petrochemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),
Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr, Iran
Abstract
The separation of hydrocarbon mixture using facilitated transport membrane (an immobilized liquid membrane type) was investigated. A 50:50 (vol. %) propylenepropane mixture was used as a sample of the hydrocarbon mixture. The effect of transmembrane pressure (in the range of 50-120 kPa) and carrier concentration (in the range of 0-20 wt.% AgNO3) on separation performance was studied experimentally and mathematically. It was observed that increasing trans-membrane pressure and carrier concentration supports the separation factor and propylene permeation rate. On the other hand, increasing trans-membrane pressure and decreasing carrier concentration supports the propane permeation rate. Hence, the greater the trans-membrane pressure and carrier concentration, the more purified the product obtained. It was found that at trans-membrane pressure of 120kPa and carrier concentration of 20wt. %, the highest separation factor (270) and propylene permeation rate (7*10-7mol/s) was obtained. The average deviation between the experimental and modeling results was found to be 5.3% for propylene permeation rate and 0.03% for propane permeation rate.
Keywords: Facilitated Transport, Immobilized Liquid Membrane, Modeling,
Propylene, Propane, Silver Nitrate
∗ Corresponding author: kaghazchi@aut.ac.ir
///////
Fuel
Effectiveness of metal–organic frameworks for removal of refractory organo-sulfur compound present in liquid fuels
G. Blanco-Brievaa, J.M. Campos-Martina, S.M. Al-Zahranib and J.L.G. Fierroa (JLGFierroa@icp.csic.es)
a Sustaninable Energy and Chemistry Group (EQS), Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain1
b Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Received 5 February 2010; revised 6 August 2010; accepted 11 August 2010. Available online 24 August 2010.
Abstract
Adsorption of organo-sulfur compounds present in liquid fuels on metal–organic framework (MOF) compounds is an efficient alternative to the conventional hydrodesulfurization process. It has been demonstrated that the extent of dibenzothiophene (DBT) adsorption at temperatures close to ambient (304 K) is much higher on MOFs systems than on the benchmarked Y-type zeolite. In addition, the DBT adsorption capacity depends strongly on the MOF type as illustrated by the much higher extent of adsorption observed on the copper- (C300) and Al-containing (A100) MOF systems than on the Fe-containing (F300) MOF counterpart. With the aim to investigate the operation in consecutive cycles, the MOFs used in adsorption experiments were regenerated. In addition, the remaining S-containing compounds were identified and quantified by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Examination of S2p core-level spectrum of the adsorbed S-compounds of regenerated MOFs pointed out that a fraction of these molecules become oxidized into S(VI) species.
Keywords: Metal–organic frameworks; Sulfur compounds; Adsorption; Isotherms
///////
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibria of Carbon Dioxide, Ethylene, and Ethane on 4A(CECA) Zeolite
A. Romero-Prez and G. Aguilar-Armenta*
Facultad de Ciencias Qumicas, Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mxico
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2010, 55 (9), pp 3625–3630
DOI: 10.1021/je100215c
Publication Date (Web): August 25, 2010
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: geaguila0@gmail.com
///////
Production of low sulfur diesel fuel via adsorption: an equilibrium and kinetic study on the adsorption of dibenzothiophene onto NaY zeolite
Jianzhun Jiang and Flora T. T. Ng
Abstract
The adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in hexadecane onto NaY zeolite has been studied by performing equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments. The influence of several variables such as contact time, initial concentration of DBT and temperature on the adsorption has been investigated. The results show that the isothermal equilibrium can be represented by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity at different temperatures and the corresponding Langmuir constant (K L ) have been deduced. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG 0,ΔH 0,ΔS 0) for the adsorption of DBT have also been calculated from the temperature dependence of K L using the van’t Hoff equation. The value of ΔH 0,ΔS 0 are found to be −30.3 kJ mol−1 and −33.2 J mol−1 K−1 respectively. The adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetics for the adsorption process can be described by either the Langmuir model or a pseudo-second-order model. It is found that the adsorption capacity and the initial rate of adsorption are dependent on contact time, temperature and the initial DBT concentration. The low apparent activation energy (12.4 kJ mol−1) indicates that adsorption has a low potential barrier suggesting a mass transfer controlled process. In addition, the competitive adsorption between DBT, naphthalene and quinoline on NaY was also investigated.
Keywords Dibenzothiophene - Adsorption - NaY zeolite - Sulfur removal - Adsorptive model - Enthalpy of adsorption
///////
If you like this blog, please …
Subscribe to the blog
Tell your colleagues about the blog … http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/
Invite me to join your LinkedIn network. View my profile at www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
The ostensible purpose of this blog is to highlight desulfurization resources, but truth be told, tips and tricks are what this blog is all about.
Below are abstracts of a number of articles I found by virtue of the fact that I subscribe to a Google Scholar alert on "π complexation." This is a term that crops up in many articles pertaining to desulfurization.
Several lessons to be learned here …
Alerts … create them judiciously, to avoid information overload
Google tools … Google provides a number of tools and resources that can make your job easier, including Scholar searching. Create a Scholar search to focus on scholarly articles. If the search retrieves the type of information you need, use the search to create an alert
Key words … as you find and read articles of interest, note the key words that can help you create future searches
Metadata … there is data, and there is data ABOUT the data … that’s metadata. Metadata includes author names, journal names, institution names, and assigned keywords. Make a note, keep a list, of the metadata of articles of interest to you … you will build a personal database of metadata that can help you focus future searches.
///////
Selected results of recent Google Scholar Alert: [ "π complexation" ]
///////
Fuel Processing Technology
Oxidation desulfurization of fuel using pyridinium-based ionic liquids as phase-transfer catalysts
Dishun Zhao a (dishunzhao@yahoo.com.cn), Yanan Wang b, Erhong Duan c and Juan Zhang a
a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shi jiazhuang 050018, China
b School of Textile and Garment, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
c School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
Received 20 February 2010; revised 22 July 2010; accepted 1 August 2010. Available online 9 September 2010.
Abstract
In this work, several ionic liquids based on pyridinium cations are prepared. The ionic liquids are employed as phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) for phasetransfer catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) dissolved in n-octane. The partition coefficients of DBT between ionic liquids and n-octane are investigated. Then H2O2–formic acid is used as an oxidant and ionic liquids are used as PTCs. The reaction turns to be heterogeneous and desulfurization rate of DBT increased apparently. When IL ([BPy]HSO4) is used as PTC, and the condition are: temperature is 60 °C, time is 60 min, H2O2/sulfur molar ratio (O/S) is 4, the desulfurization rate reaches the maximum (93.3%), and the desulfurization of the real gasoline is also investigated, 87.7% of sulfur contents are removed under optima reaction conditions. The PTC [BPy]HSO4 can be recycled for five times without significant decrease in activity.
Keywords: Desulfurization; Phase-transfer catalysts; Oxidation; Ionic liquids
///////
Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium Data in Ionic Liquid + 4-Methyldibenzothiophene + n-Dodecane Systems
Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira and Martn Aznar*
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/ie1009876
Publication Date (Web): September 7, 2010
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +55 19 3521 3962. E-mail: maznar@feq.unicamp.br.
AbstractIn this work, liquid−liquid equilibrium data for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([emim][DEtPO4]) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]) + 4-methyl-dibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) + n-dodecane systems at 25 and 40 °C and atmospheric pressure (≈95 kPa) were determined by refractometry. 4-MDBT is a DBT derivative and it is one of the most difficult diesel sulfur pollutants to remove by the conventional process of hydrodesulfurization. The liquid−liquid equilibrium data were used to study the 4-MDBT extraction from n-dodecane as model diesel oil. 4-MDBT distribution coefficients, solvent selectivities, and extraction data also indicate that [emim][DEtPO4] is a better solvent for extractive desulfurization of n-dodecane than [emim][EtSO4]. For a solvent/n-dodecane mass ratio of 0.6, the sulfur content in n-dodecane decreases 17−24% and 5−15% for [emim][DEtPO4] and [emim][EtSO4], respectively. The quality of the data was ascertained by the Hand and Othmer−Tobias correlations, which presented R2 > 0.97 for all systems. The NRTL model was used to correlate the data and showed root-mean-square deviations of <0.15%.
///////
Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Vol. 7, No. 1 (Winter), 2010, IAChE
Selective Transport of Propylene by Silver Ion Complex Through
an Immobilized Liquid Membrane
M. Takht Ravanchi1,2, T. Kaghazchi1∗, A. Kargari3
1- Center of Excellence for Petrochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir
University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
2- National Petrochemical Company, Research and Technology Co., Tehran, Iran.
3- Petrochemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),
Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr, Iran
Abstract
The separation of hydrocarbon mixture using facilitated transport membrane (an immobilized liquid membrane type) was investigated. A 50:50 (vol. %) propylenepropane mixture was used as a sample of the hydrocarbon mixture. The effect of transmembrane pressure (in the range of 50-120 kPa) and carrier concentration (in the range of 0-20 wt.% AgNO3) on separation performance was studied experimentally and mathematically. It was observed that increasing trans-membrane pressure and carrier concentration supports the separation factor and propylene permeation rate. On the other hand, increasing trans-membrane pressure and decreasing carrier concentration supports the propane permeation rate. Hence, the greater the trans-membrane pressure and carrier concentration, the more purified the product obtained. It was found that at trans-membrane pressure of 120kPa and carrier concentration of 20wt. %, the highest separation factor (270) and propylene permeation rate (7*10-7mol/s) was obtained. The average deviation between the experimental and modeling results was found to be 5.3% for propylene permeation rate and 0.03% for propane permeation rate.
Keywords: Facilitated Transport, Immobilized Liquid Membrane, Modeling,
Propylene, Propane, Silver Nitrate
∗ Corresponding author: kaghazchi@aut.ac.ir
///////
Fuel
Effectiveness of metal–organic frameworks for removal of refractory organo-sulfur compound present in liquid fuels
G. Blanco-Brievaa, J.M. Campos-Martina, S.M. Al-Zahranib and J.L.G. Fierroa (JLGFierroa@icp.csic.es)
a Sustaninable Energy and Chemistry Group (EQS), Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain1
b Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Received 5 February 2010; revised 6 August 2010; accepted 11 August 2010. Available online 24 August 2010.
Abstract
Adsorption of organo-sulfur compounds present in liquid fuels on metal–organic framework (MOF) compounds is an efficient alternative to the conventional hydrodesulfurization process. It has been demonstrated that the extent of dibenzothiophene (DBT) adsorption at temperatures close to ambient (304 K) is much higher on MOFs systems than on the benchmarked Y-type zeolite. In addition, the DBT adsorption capacity depends strongly on the MOF type as illustrated by the much higher extent of adsorption observed on the copper- (C300) and Al-containing (A100) MOF systems than on the Fe-containing (F300) MOF counterpart. With the aim to investigate the operation in consecutive cycles, the MOFs used in adsorption experiments were regenerated. In addition, the remaining S-containing compounds were identified and quantified by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Examination of S2p core-level spectrum of the adsorbed S-compounds of regenerated MOFs pointed out that a fraction of these molecules become oxidized into S(VI) species.
Keywords: Metal–organic frameworks; Sulfur compounds; Adsorption; Isotherms
///////
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibria of Carbon Dioxide, Ethylene, and Ethane on 4A(CECA) Zeolite
A. Romero-Prez and G. Aguilar-Armenta*
Facultad de Ciencias Qumicas, Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mxico
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2010, 55 (9), pp 3625–3630
DOI: 10.1021/je100215c
Publication Date (Web): August 25, 2010
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: geaguila0@gmail.com
///////
Production of low sulfur diesel fuel via adsorption: an equilibrium and kinetic study on the adsorption of dibenzothiophene onto NaY zeolite
Jianzhun Jiang and Flora T. T. Ng
Abstract
The adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in hexadecane onto NaY zeolite has been studied by performing equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments. The influence of several variables such as contact time, initial concentration of DBT and temperature on the adsorption has been investigated. The results show that the isothermal equilibrium can be represented by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity at different temperatures and the corresponding Langmuir constant (K L ) have been deduced. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG 0,ΔH 0,ΔS 0) for the adsorption of DBT have also been calculated from the temperature dependence of K L using the van’t Hoff equation. The value of ΔH 0,ΔS 0 are found to be −30.3 kJ mol−1 and −33.2 J mol−1 K−1 respectively. The adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetics for the adsorption process can be described by either the Langmuir model or a pseudo-second-order model. It is found that the adsorption capacity and the initial rate of adsorption are dependent on contact time, temperature and the initial DBT concentration. The low apparent activation energy (12.4 kJ mol−1) indicates that adsorption has a low potential barrier suggesting a mass transfer controlled process. In addition, the competitive adsorption between DBT, naphthalene and quinoline on NaY was also investigated.
Keywords Dibenzothiophene - Adsorption - NaY zeolite - Sulfur removal - Adsorptive model - Enthalpy of adsorption
///////
If you like this blog, please …
Subscribe to the blog
Tell your colleagues about the blog … http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/
Invite me to join your LinkedIn network. View my profile at www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Saturday, September 18, 2010
Library Support for Research in a University Context
"Innovation has nothing to do with how many R&D dollars you have. When Apple came up with the Mac, IBM was spending at least 100 times more on R&D. It's not about money. It's about the people you have, how you're led, and how much you get it."-- Steve Jobs, Fortune, Nov. 9, 1998
"Enough research will tend to support your conclusions." - Arthur Bloch
Most posts to the Desulfurization Blog have at least one or two direct references to desulfurization technology. This post does not. But please read it anyway. It offers clues to how your research organization can leverage its potential by incorporating the services of an information professional … such as a corporate or academic librarian.
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Library support for research in a university context
Imogen Garner
University Librarian and Director John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia
i.garner@curtin.edu.au
Abstract
An increased focus on research within Australian universities, driven by the federal government’s research agenda, has heightened interest in the services and resources provided by academic libraries to enhance research within higher education institutions. While academic libraries have always had as part of their mission support for research within the university, what constitutes this support has changed over time.
This paper looks at library support for research in the university environment over the past 10-15 years. In evaluating the changing functions of this support for research, examples from Australian university library websites are used to identify current activities. Questions are raised as to whether these activities reflect the evolving functions of traditional libraries or whether fundamental new innovative roles are emerging.
Times of change lead to changes in organizational structures and at Curtin University of Technology Library and Information Service (LIS) the Research Services Unit was established in 2005 to drive library support for research within the university.
The purpose of the Research Services Unit is to:
Proactively support the growth and development of research activities at Curtin University by providing high quality resources, supporting research processes, facilitating scholarly communication and promoting research output.
The paper will discuss the main functions of this new unit and how its introduction has strengthened the partnership between the LIS and the academic community. Plans to further this role in support of research are also considered in the context of a higher education landscape where research is becoming a collaborative global activity enabled by the Internet.
Keywords: Research Support; Academic Libraries.
source: http://www.iatul.org/doclibrary/public/Conf_Proceedings/2006/Garnerpaper.pdf
///////
[Excerpts]
The paper will discuss the main functions of this new unit and how its introduction has strengthened the partnership between the LIS and the academic community. Plans to further this role in support of research are also considered in the context of a higher education landscape where research is becoming a collaborative global activity enabled by the Internet.
...
Scholarly Resources
Traditionally library support for research has been most clearly identified by its collections. Fifteen years ago collections were still dominated by print books and journal titles. In the print only environment the size of the collection and the amount of funding provided in the book vote reflected the status and importance of libraries holding major research collections in Australian universities.
However the shift from print to electronic journals, databases and e-books has witnessed a major shift in the importance of collections as an indicator of support for research. The availability of electronic journal titles and significant backsets from publishers such as ScienceDirect and JSTOR has enabled all academic libraries to provide access to significant collections of scholarly resources outside what was possible in the print only environment.
...
Document Delivery
All Australian academic libraries offer a document delivery service as an adjunct to the building of collections and providing access to databases as reflected on the LATN and GO8 websites. The debate of the early 1990’s was ‘access versus ownership’ when the expansion in the number of print journal titles being published plus spiraling price increases put pressure on even the GO 8 academic libraries. Document delivery became an alternative method of acquiring documents especially in specialized areas of research. As electronic methods of delivering documents developed and the waiting times shortened from six weeks to a couple of days demand for the service soared. Some of the surveyed libraries fully fund the acquisition of this material from their collection budgets while others subsidize or charge the full price for this service. It is clearly a service in support of research and in most institutions is only offered to academic staff and postgraduate students.
...
Training
The demand for training both for postgraduate research students and academic staff has increased with so many new electronic services and resources available to support research. Training workshops include
• Information literacy for the researcher;
• Bibliographic management software;
• Referencing styles for academic publishing;
• Citation searching;
• Workshops in mastering research resources and services;
A project that is currently under development in the LATN group is the E-Grad School information literacy project. This project is part of a larger Australian Technology Network (ATN) project to develop a virtual e-Grad School. This online information literacy course will assist research students and staff to develop advanced information literacy skills.
...
[C]hanges in the research process that are emerging may lead to a major transformation in the way that academic libraries support research enabled by ICT. Alternatively academic libraries may risk becoming irrelevant as partners in the research process. This change is linked to the emergence of new research practices referred to in Australia as eResearch
The term ‘e-Research’ encapsulates research activities that use a spectrum of advanced ICT capabilities and embraces new research methodologies
…
E-Research focuses on primary data not published scholarly information and the question is how libraries will support this new form of research.
...
Linda O’Brien in her article on E-research comments that: Libraries have traditionally been central to the research
endeavor, managing and preserving scholarly resources, increasingly in digital form, and making these resources accessible to the researcher, often through collaboration and partnerships with other libraries. … [but] no longer is scholarly communication a final discrete publication that is to be managed, made accessible, and preserved.
...
In the Australian context the implications of e-research are not yet clear but several significant initiatives are currently emerging that will provide directions for the future.
The Backing Australia’s Ability program is now in its second phase and will continue with a raft of initiatives until 201011. Two initiatives in particular may have an impact on the way that academic libraries in the future support research in their institutions.
The first strategy is an Australian e-Research Strategy and Implementation Framework.
The Framework is yet to be finalized and accepted by Government but progress reports to date indicate that it will be implemented over a five year period using advanced and innovative information and communications technologies to produce high quality research outcomes in a range of activities such as skills development in e-research and data management.[16] Academic libraries in Australia will need to be in a position to respond flexibly and innovatively to these latest directions. Library staff, including university librarians, will require new skills and understandings. There will need to be close collaboration between university libraries, offices of research and development and ICT units within institutions. Consideration must also be given to positioning academic libraries as areas of expertise in information management.
...
source: http://www.iatul.org/doclibrary/public/Conf_Proceedings/2006/Garnerpaper.pdf
"Enough research will tend to support your conclusions." - Arthur Bloch
Most posts to the Desulfurization Blog have at least one or two direct references to desulfurization technology. This post does not. But please read it anyway. It offers clues to how your research organization can leverage its potential by incorporating the services of an information professional … such as a corporate or academic librarian.
///////
Library support for research in a university context
Imogen Garner
University Librarian and Director John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia
i.garner@curtin.edu.au
Abstract
An increased focus on research within Australian universities, driven by the federal government’s research agenda, has heightened interest in the services and resources provided by academic libraries to enhance research within higher education institutions. While academic libraries have always had as part of their mission support for research within the university, what constitutes this support has changed over time.
This paper looks at library support for research in the university environment over the past 10-15 years. In evaluating the changing functions of this support for research, examples from Australian university library websites are used to identify current activities. Questions are raised as to whether these activities reflect the evolving functions of traditional libraries or whether fundamental new innovative roles are emerging.
Times of change lead to changes in organizational structures and at Curtin University of Technology Library and Information Service (LIS) the Research Services Unit was established in 2005 to drive library support for research within the university.
The purpose of the Research Services Unit is to:
Proactively support the growth and development of research activities at Curtin University by providing high quality resources, supporting research processes, facilitating scholarly communication and promoting research output.
The paper will discuss the main functions of this new unit and how its introduction has strengthened the partnership between the LIS and the academic community. Plans to further this role in support of research are also considered in the context of a higher education landscape where research is becoming a collaborative global activity enabled by the Internet.
Keywords: Research Support; Academic Libraries.
source: http://www.iatul.org/doclibrary/public/Conf_Proceedings/2006/Garnerpaper.pdf
///////
[Excerpts]
The paper will discuss the main functions of this new unit and how its introduction has strengthened the partnership between the LIS and the academic community. Plans to further this role in support of research are also considered in the context of a higher education landscape where research is becoming a collaborative global activity enabled by the Internet.
...
Scholarly Resources
Traditionally library support for research has been most clearly identified by its collections. Fifteen years ago collections were still dominated by print books and journal titles. In the print only environment the size of the collection and the amount of funding provided in the book vote reflected the status and importance of libraries holding major research collections in Australian universities.
However the shift from print to electronic journals, databases and e-books has witnessed a major shift in the importance of collections as an indicator of support for research. The availability of electronic journal titles and significant backsets from publishers such as ScienceDirect and JSTOR has enabled all academic libraries to provide access to significant collections of scholarly resources outside what was possible in the print only environment.
...
Document Delivery
All Australian academic libraries offer a document delivery service as an adjunct to the building of collections and providing access to databases as reflected on the LATN and GO8 websites. The debate of the early 1990’s was ‘access versus ownership’ when the expansion in the number of print journal titles being published plus spiraling price increases put pressure on even the GO 8 academic libraries. Document delivery became an alternative method of acquiring documents especially in specialized areas of research. As electronic methods of delivering documents developed and the waiting times shortened from six weeks to a couple of days demand for the service soared. Some of the surveyed libraries fully fund the acquisition of this material from their collection budgets while others subsidize or charge the full price for this service. It is clearly a service in support of research and in most institutions is only offered to academic staff and postgraduate students.
...
Training
The demand for training both for postgraduate research students and academic staff has increased with so many new electronic services and resources available to support research. Training workshops include
• Information literacy for the researcher;
• Bibliographic management software;
• Referencing styles for academic publishing;
• Citation searching;
• Workshops in mastering research resources and services;
A project that is currently under development in the LATN group is the E-Grad School information literacy project. This project is part of a larger Australian Technology Network (ATN) project to develop a virtual e-Grad School. This online information literacy course will assist research students and staff to develop advanced information literacy skills.
...
[C]hanges in the research process that are emerging may lead to a major transformation in the way that academic libraries support research enabled by ICT. Alternatively academic libraries may risk becoming irrelevant as partners in the research process. This change is linked to the emergence of new research practices referred to in Australia as eResearch
The term ‘e-Research’ encapsulates research activities that use a spectrum of advanced ICT capabilities and embraces new research methodologies
…
E-Research focuses on primary data not published scholarly information and the question is how libraries will support this new form of research.
...
Linda O’Brien in her article on E-research comments that: Libraries have traditionally been central to the research
endeavor, managing and preserving scholarly resources, increasingly in digital form, and making these resources accessible to the researcher, often through collaboration and partnerships with other libraries. … [but] no longer is scholarly communication a final discrete publication that is to be managed, made accessible, and preserved.
...
In the Australian context the implications of e-research are not yet clear but several significant initiatives are currently emerging that will provide directions for the future.
The Backing Australia’s Ability program is now in its second phase and will continue with a raft of initiatives until 201011. Two initiatives in particular may have an impact on the way that academic libraries in the future support research in their institutions.
The first strategy is an Australian e-Research Strategy and Implementation Framework.
The Framework is yet to be finalized and accepted by Government but progress reports to date indicate that it will be implemented over a five year period using advanced and innovative information and communications technologies to produce high quality research outcomes in a range of activities such as skills development in e-research and data management.[16] Academic libraries in Australia will need to be in a position to respond flexibly and innovatively to these latest directions. Library staff, including university librarians, will require new skills and understandings. There will need to be close collaboration between university libraries, offices of research and development and ICT units within institutions. Consideration must also be given to positioning academic libraries as areas of expertise in information management.
...
source: http://www.iatul.org/doclibrary/public/Conf_Proceedings/2006/Garnerpaper.pdf
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Google Advanced Patent Search
“Students rarely disappoint teachers who assure them in advance that they are doomed to failure.” --Sidney Hook
“In the Soviet army it takes more courage to retreat than advance.” -- Joseph Stalin (Russian Prime Minister, Communist leader and Political Dictator. Governed from 1929-53)
Still on the road, but here is today's post ... hope it is clear enough to be useful.
Google Patents (http://www.google.com/patents?hl=en) makes patent searching quick and easy.
Say, for example, that you wanted to get an idea of the kinds of research Saudi Aramco is currently interested in. A good starting point is to search for patent applications ... patents that have been applied for, but have not yet been accepted.
Name clarification exercise
As companies merge and change names, it can be difficult to be sure what name to look for in the "assignee" field
Example:
Saudi Aramco patents
First search:
aramco
Result: two items
Second search:
saudi
Result: many items
browse the list, noting that Saudi Aramco is also known as Saudi Arabian Oil Company
Third search:
Saudi Arabian
Result: many items, all tightly focused on Saudi Aramco as assignee
Fourth search:
Saudi Arabian as "Assignee" and check the "application" box
Result:
A manageable subset of the Third Search.
You can take the same approach for companies like Exxon, Mobil, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Texaco, ChevronTexaco
“In the Soviet army it takes more courage to retreat than advance.” -- Joseph Stalin (Russian Prime Minister, Communist leader and Political Dictator. Governed from 1929-53)
Still on the road, but here is today's post ... hope it is clear enough to be useful.
Google Patents (http://www.google.com/patents?hl=en) makes patent searching quick and easy.
Say, for example, that you wanted to get an idea of the kinds of research Saudi Aramco is currently interested in. A good starting point is to search for patent applications ... patents that have been applied for, but have not yet been accepted.
Name clarification exercise
As companies merge and change names, it can be difficult to be sure what name to look for in the "assignee" field
Example:
Saudi Aramco patents
First search:
aramco
Result: two items
Second search:
saudi
Result: many items
browse the list, noting that Saudi Aramco is also known as Saudi Arabian Oil Company
Third search:
Saudi Arabian
Result: many items, all tightly focused on Saudi Aramco as assignee
Fourth search:
Saudi Arabian as "Assignee" and check the "application" box
Result:
A manageable subset of the Third Search.
You can take the same approach for companies like Exxon, Mobil, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Texaco, ChevronTexaco
Saturday, September 11, 2010
FULLTEXT SOURCES ONLINE
“Philosophy begins in wonder. And, at the end, when philosophic thought has done its best, the wonder remains.” Alfred North Whitehead (British mathematician and philosopher, 1861-1947)
Have you ever wondered where to access your favorite journals online? And, more to the point, have you ever wondered which of the online databases offers the full text of journals of most importance to you?
Librarians and other information professionals ponder this question all the time. FSO – Fulltext Sources Online – provides a jump start in answering these questions.
Quoting from the FSO site (http://www.infotoday.com) …
“FULLTEXT SOURCES ONLINE (FSO) (ISSN 1040-8258) is a directory of publications that are accessible online in full text, from 30 major aggregator products. FSO lists 46,210 periodicals, newspapers, newsletters, newswires, and TV or radio transcripts. It covers topics in science, technology, medicine, law, finance, business, industry, the popular press and more. FSO also lists the URLs of publications with Internet archives, noting whether access to them is free or not.
“FSO is published in print twice a year, in January and July. Each printed edition is complete in itself and replaces all previous editions. FSO Online is updated weekly.”
///////
The following aggregator products are included in FSO:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BioOne (BioOne)
BurrellesLuce (BurrellesLuce)
DataStar (Dialog / DataStar / ProQuest)
Dialog (Dialog / DataStar / ProQuest)
EBSCOhost (EBSCO Publishing)
Eureka (CEDROM-SNi)
Europresse (CEDROM-SNi Paris)
Factiva (Dow Jones Factiva)
FirstSearch (OCLC)
FPinfomart (FPinfomart.ca)
GENIOS (GBI-Genios Deutsche Wirtschaftsdatenbank GmbH)
HeinOnline (William S. Hein & Co., Inc)
IBFD (IBFD)
InfoTrac (Gale / Cengage Learning)
InSite 2 (Gale / Cengage Learning)
JSTOR (JSTOR)
LexisNexis (LexisNexis)
NewsBank (NewsBank, Inc.)
Newscan (CEDROM-SNi)
NewsLibrary (NewsBank, Inc.)
NNI (Nikkei, Inc.)
Ovid (Wolters Kluwer Health)
PressEDD (EDD)
ProQuest (ProQuest)
Quicklaw (LexisNexis Canada Inc.)
ScienceDirect (Elsevier)
STN (STN International)
Telecom21 (Nikkei, Inc.)
Westlaw (Thomson Reuters/West)
WilsonWeb (HW Wilson Company)
source: http://www.fso-online.com/help_Aggregators.cfm?sid=38981352
///////
Have you ever wondered where to access your favorite journals online? And, more to the point, have you ever wondered which of the online databases offers the full text of journals of most importance to you?
Librarians and other information professionals ponder this question all the time. FSO – Fulltext Sources Online – provides a jump start in answering these questions.
Quoting from the FSO site (http://www.infotoday.com) …
“FULLTEXT SOURCES ONLINE (FSO) (ISSN 1040-8258) is a directory of publications that are accessible online in full text, from 30 major aggregator products. FSO lists 46,210 periodicals, newspapers, newsletters, newswires, and TV or radio transcripts. It covers topics in science, technology, medicine, law, finance, business, industry, the popular press and more. FSO also lists the URLs of publications with Internet archives, noting whether access to them is free or not.
“FSO is published in print twice a year, in January and July. Each printed edition is complete in itself and replaces all previous editions. FSO Online is updated weekly.”
///////
The following aggregator products are included in FSO:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BioOne (BioOne)
BurrellesLuce (BurrellesLuce)
DataStar (Dialog / DataStar / ProQuest)
Dialog (Dialog / DataStar / ProQuest)
EBSCOhost (EBSCO Publishing)
Eureka (CEDROM-SNi)
Europresse (CEDROM-SNi Paris)
Factiva (Dow Jones Factiva)
FirstSearch (OCLC)
FPinfomart (FPinfomart.ca)
GENIOS (GBI-Genios Deutsche Wirtschaftsdatenbank GmbH)
HeinOnline (William S. Hein & Co., Inc)
IBFD (IBFD)
InfoTrac (Gale / Cengage Learning)
InSite 2 (Gale / Cengage Learning)
JSTOR (JSTOR)
LexisNexis (LexisNexis)
NewsBank (NewsBank, Inc.)
Newscan (CEDROM-SNi)
NewsLibrary (NewsBank, Inc.)
NNI (Nikkei, Inc.)
Ovid (Wolters Kluwer Health)
PressEDD (EDD)
ProQuest (ProQuest)
Quicklaw (LexisNexis Canada Inc.)
ScienceDirect (Elsevier)
STN (STN International)
Telecom21 (Nikkei, Inc.)
Westlaw (Thomson Reuters/West)
WilsonWeb (HW Wilson Company)
source: http://www.fso-online.com/help_Aggregators.cfm?sid=38981352
///////
Friday, September 3, 2010
The subject of subjects
“If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you; that is the principal difference between a dog and a man.” -- Mark Twain (American Humorist, Writer and Lecturer. 1835-1910)
///////
This post is being composed while I am on the road, so it may have some rough edges. The basic point is to be aware of the subject categories used by each of your online sources, and to use them to your advantage.
///////
Three points:
1) Database overlap … for comprehensive results, search multiple sources
2) Subject field … experts have assigned subject tags to each item … use their tags to focus your search results
3) vive la différence … every database has its own set of subject categories
///////
Google Scholar Subject Collections
Biology, Life Sciences, and Environmental Science
Medicine, Pharmacology, and Veterinary Science
Business, Administration, Finance, and Economics
Physics, Astronomy, and Planetary Science
Chemistry and Materials Science Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities
Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics
EXAMPLE:
Google Scholar Search String: aromatic heterocyclic sulfur
Google Scholar Subject Collection: Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics
ONE RESULT:
Paper Number 69500-MS
DOI What's this? 10.2118/69500-MS
Title Artificial Neural Networks Applied to the Operation of VGO Hydrotreaters
Authors R. Lopez, J.R. Perez, C.G. Dassori, A. Ranson, PDVSA Intevep
Source SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, 25-28 March 2001, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Copyright 2001,. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
Language English
Preview Abstract
Introduction
Nowadays several new mathematical techniques have been implemented for process modeling and advanced process control in refineries, chemical plants, and manufacturing industries. Artificial neural network applications are among these new technologies.
If a control system simulates a process just following the principle of minimizing the deviation against the desired objective function value, reduce the process energy consumption, or increasing the production level, in all these cases, the process profit must be increased. If the simulation software tool can predict operating failures or by the same token, generate a failure diagnosis procedure, one thing is for sure, there will be an improvement over the process operational capacity.
Artificial neural network is a system loosely modeled on the human brain. The field goes by many names, such as connectionism, parallel distributed processing, neuro-computing, natural intelligent systems, machine learning algorithms, and artificial neural networks1-3. It is an attempt to simulate within specialized hardware or sophisticated software, the multiple layers of simple processing elements called neurons. Each neuron is linked to certain of its neighbors with varying coefficients of connectivity that represent the strengths of these connections. Learning is accomplished by adjusting these strengths to cause the overall network to output appropriate results1,3.
This paper reports the practical application of artificial neural networks to the simulation of a vacuum gas oil hydrotreater process operating variables, feedstock and product quality properties. Furthermore, several ANNs models were proposed for:
1.Petroleum fractions composition
2.Quality properties predictions
3.Simulation of process operating variables
These models were trained with data bases built from the VGO hydrotreater data acquisition system. Moreover, the ANN model performance was compared with conventional quality property predictor models available in the technical literature.
Number of Pages 10
File Size 158 KB
Price SPE Member Price: US $ 7.50
SPE NonMember Price: US $ 25.00
///////
ScienceDirect Subject Categories
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Arts and Humanities
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Business, Management and Accounting
Chemical Engineering
Chemistry
Computer Science
Decision Sciences
Earth and Planetary Sciences
Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Energy
Engineering
Environmental Science
Immunology and Microbiology
Materials Science
Mathematics
Medicine and Dentistry
Neuroscience
Nursing and Health Professions
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
Physics and Astronomy
Psychology
Social Sciences
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine
EXAMPLE:
ScienceDirect Search String: aromatic AND heterocyclic AND sulfur
ScienceDirect Subject: Engineering
ONE RESULT:
Applied Energy
Volume 87, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 1269-1272
Oil shale pyrolysis kinetics and variable activation energy principle
Omar S. Al-Ayeda, M. Matouqa, b, Z. Anbara, b, Adnan M. Khaleela, b and Eyad Abu-Namehb
osalayed@fet.edu.jo
a Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 15008, Marka 11134, Jordan
b Department of Basic Sciences, Prince Abdullah Bin-Ghazi of Science and Information, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
Abstract
A modified first order kinetic equation with variable activation energy is employed to model the total weight loss of Ellajjun oil shale samples. Fixed bed retort with 400 g of oil shale sample size is used in this study in 350–550 °C temperature range. Variable heating rate, h, in the range 2.6–5 °C min−1 are tested.
Activation energy was allowed to vary as a function of oil shale conversion. The value of the activation energy increased from 98 to 120 kJ mol−1 while the corresponding frequency factor changed from 9.51 × 105 to 1.16 × 106. Fischer Assay analysis of the studied samples indicated 12.2 wt.% oil content. The oil shale decomposition ranged from 3.2% to 28.0%. The obtained kinetic data are modeled using variable heating rate, pyrolysis temperature and variable activation energy principle in a nitrogen sweeping medium. Good fit to the obtained experimental data is achieved.
Keywords: Variable activation energy; Oil shale; Variable heating rate; Pyrolysis kinetics
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V1T-4WS8600-2&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_alid=1419175102&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=5683&_st=5&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2b65ccd4c46f84cd44279b1a7631ff59
///////
///////
EbscoHost Subject Terms
A Small Example: Engineering
Engineering design
Engineering drawing
Engineering inspections
Engineering instrument
Engineering libraries
Engineering mathematics
Engineering meteorology
Engineering model
EXAMPLE
EbscoHost Academic Select Search String: sulfur
EbscoHost Academic Select Subject: Engineering
ONE RESULT:
Sulfur Recovery Units: Adaptive Simulation and Model Validation on an Industrial Plant.Citation Only Available By: Stefano Signor; Flavio Manenti; Maria Grazia Grottoli; Paolo Fabbri; Sauro Pierucci. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Jun2010, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p5714-5724, 11p; (AN 51410231)
Subjects: SULFUR; INDUSTRIAL engineering; ADAPTIVE control systems; FURNACES; CATALYSIS; HEURISTIC algorithms; PARAMETER estimation; SIMULATION methods; Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing
Database: Academic Search Complete
The paper is aimed at discussing and fixing issues in providing a generalized approach to the simulation of sulfur recovery units (SRUs). The main goal is to get a simulation that is at the same time (i) reasonably detailed and robust to properly characterize SRUs and (ii) so generalized to provide a tool that is not only specific for the case in study. To achieve point (i), standard libraries belonging to commercial process simulators are coupled to specific heuristic relations coming from the industrial experience for modeling the thermal furnace and the catalytic Claus converters; this allows us to infer with a certain reliability those measures that are often missing or unavailable online in these processes. To achieve point (ii), a series of adaptive parameters are filled in the process simulation by making it more flexible and yet preserving all model details. The most recent techniques and numerical methods, to tune the adaptive simulation parameters, are implemented in Visual C and interfaced to PRO/II (by SimSci-Esscor) to obtain a robust parameter estimation solved by means of the BzzMath library. At last, the detailed and tuned adaptive simulation is validated along a period of 2 months on a large-scale SRU (TECHNIP-KTI SpA technology) operating in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
///////
///////
This post is being composed while I am on the road, so it may have some rough edges. The basic point is to be aware of the subject categories used by each of your online sources, and to use them to your advantage.
///////
Three points:
1) Database overlap … for comprehensive results, search multiple sources
2) Subject field … experts have assigned subject tags to each item … use their tags to focus your search results
3) vive la différence … every database has its own set of subject categories
///////
Google Scholar Subject Collections
Biology, Life Sciences, and Environmental Science
Medicine, Pharmacology, and Veterinary Science
Business, Administration, Finance, and Economics
Physics, Astronomy, and Planetary Science
Chemistry and Materials Science Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities
Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics
EXAMPLE:
Google Scholar Search String: aromatic heterocyclic sulfur
Google Scholar Subject Collection: Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics
ONE RESULT:
Paper Number 69500-MS
DOI What's this? 10.2118/69500-MS
Title Artificial Neural Networks Applied to the Operation of VGO Hydrotreaters
Authors R. Lopez, J.R. Perez, C.G. Dassori, A. Ranson, PDVSA Intevep
Source SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, 25-28 March 2001, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Copyright 2001,. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
Language English
Preview Abstract
Introduction
Nowadays several new mathematical techniques have been implemented for process modeling and advanced process control in refineries, chemical plants, and manufacturing industries. Artificial neural network applications are among these new technologies.
If a control system simulates a process just following the principle of minimizing the deviation against the desired objective function value, reduce the process energy consumption, or increasing the production level, in all these cases, the process profit must be increased. If the simulation software tool can predict operating failures or by the same token, generate a failure diagnosis procedure, one thing is for sure, there will be an improvement over the process operational capacity.
Artificial neural network is a system loosely modeled on the human brain. The field goes by many names, such as connectionism, parallel distributed processing, neuro-computing, natural intelligent systems, machine learning algorithms, and artificial neural networks1-3. It is an attempt to simulate within specialized hardware or sophisticated software, the multiple layers of simple processing elements called neurons. Each neuron is linked to certain of its neighbors with varying coefficients of connectivity that represent the strengths of these connections. Learning is accomplished by adjusting these strengths to cause the overall network to output appropriate results1,3.
This paper reports the practical application of artificial neural networks to the simulation of a vacuum gas oil hydrotreater process operating variables, feedstock and product quality properties. Furthermore, several ANNs models were proposed for:
1.Petroleum fractions composition
2.Quality properties predictions
3.Simulation of process operating variables
These models were trained with data bases built from the VGO hydrotreater data acquisition system. Moreover, the ANN model performance was compared with conventional quality property predictor models available in the technical literature.
Number of Pages 10
File Size 158 KB
Price SPE Member Price: US $ 7.50
SPE NonMember Price: US $ 25.00
///////
ScienceDirect Subject Categories
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Arts and Humanities
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Business, Management and Accounting
Chemical Engineering
Chemistry
Computer Science
Decision Sciences
Earth and Planetary Sciences
Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Energy
Engineering
Environmental Science
Immunology and Microbiology
Materials Science
Mathematics
Medicine and Dentistry
Neuroscience
Nursing and Health Professions
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
Physics and Astronomy
Psychology
Social Sciences
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine
EXAMPLE:
ScienceDirect Search String: aromatic AND heterocyclic AND sulfur
ScienceDirect Subject: Engineering
ONE RESULT:
Applied Energy
Volume 87, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 1269-1272
Oil shale pyrolysis kinetics and variable activation energy principle
Omar S. Al-Ayeda, M. Matouqa, b, Z. Anbara, b, Adnan M. Khaleela, b and Eyad Abu-Namehb
osalayed@fet.edu.jo
a Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 15008, Marka 11134, Jordan
b Department of Basic Sciences, Prince Abdullah Bin-Ghazi of Science and Information, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
Abstract
A modified first order kinetic equation with variable activation energy is employed to model the total weight loss of Ellajjun oil shale samples. Fixed bed retort with 400 g of oil shale sample size is used in this study in 350–550 °C temperature range. Variable heating rate, h, in the range 2.6–5 °C min−1 are tested.
Activation energy was allowed to vary as a function of oil shale conversion. The value of the activation energy increased from 98 to 120 kJ mol−1 while the corresponding frequency factor changed from 9.51 × 105 to 1.16 × 106. Fischer Assay analysis of the studied samples indicated 12.2 wt.% oil content. The oil shale decomposition ranged from 3.2% to 28.0%. The obtained kinetic data are modeled using variable heating rate, pyrolysis temperature and variable activation energy principle in a nitrogen sweeping medium. Good fit to the obtained experimental data is achieved.
Keywords: Variable activation energy; Oil shale; Variable heating rate; Pyrolysis kinetics
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V1T-4WS8600-2&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_alid=1419175102&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=5683&_st=5&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2b65ccd4c46f84cd44279b1a7631ff59
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Sulfur Recovery Units: Adaptive Simulation and Model Validation on an Industrial Plant.Citation Only Available By: Stefano Signor; Flavio Manenti; Maria Grazia Grottoli; Paolo Fabbri; Sauro Pierucci. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Jun2010, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p5714-5724, 11p; (AN 51410231)
Subjects: SULFUR; INDUSTRIAL engineering; ADAPTIVE control systems; FURNACES; CATALYSIS; HEURISTIC algorithms; PARAMETER estimation; SIMULATION methods; Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing
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The paper is aimed at discussing and fixing issues in providing a generalized approach to the simulation of sulfur recovery units (SRUs). The main goal is to get a simulation that is at the same time (i) reasonably detailed and robust to properly characterize SRUs and (ii) so generalized to provide a tool that is not only specific for the case in study. To achieve point (i), standard libraries belonging to commercial process simulators are coupled to specific heuristic relations coming from the industrial experience for modeling the thermal furnace and the catalytic Claus converters; this allows us to infer with a certain reliability those measures that are often missing or unavailable online in these processes. To achieve point (ii), a series of adaptive parameters are filled in the process simulation by making it more flexible and yet preserving all model details. The most recent techniques and numerical methods, to tune the adaptive simulation parameters, are implemented in Visual C and interfaced to PRO/II (by SimSci-Esscor) to obtain a robust parameter estimation solved by means of the BzzMath library. At last, the detailed and tuned adaptive simulation is validated along a period of 2 months on a large-scale SRU (TECHNIP-KTI SpA technology) operating in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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