“Great men are like eagles, and build their nest on some lofty solitude.” -- Arthur Schopenhauer (German Philosopher, 1788-1860)
I found the following interesting article on a Greek site called GlobalNEST (http://www.gnest.org/) …
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G. Blanco-Brieva, J. M. Campos-Martin, S. M. Al-Zahrani, J. L. G. Fierro
"Removal of refractory organic sulfur compounds in fossil fuels using MOF sorbents"
Global NEST Journal 12(3) (2010) 296-304
G. BLANCO-BRIEVA1 1Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group (EQS)
J.M. CAMPOS-MARTIN1 Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC)
S.M. AL-ZAHRANI2 C/Marie Curie, 2, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
J.L.G. FIERRO1, * 2Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering
King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Received: 17/05/10 *to whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Accepted: 24/08/10 e-mail: jlgfierro@icp.csic.es ; http://www.icp.csic.es/eqs
The stringent new regulations to lower sulfur content in fossil fuels require new economic and efficient methods for desulfurization of recalcitrant organic sulfur. Hydrodesulfurization of such compounds is very costly and requires high operating temperature and pressure. Adsorption is a non-invasive approach that can specifically remove sulfur from refractory hydrocarbons under mild conditions and it can be potentially used in industrial desulfurization. Intensive research has been conducted in materials development to increase their desulfurization activity; however, even the highest activity obtained is still insufficient to fulfil the industrial requirements. To improve the adsorption capacity and sorbent regeneration, more work is needed in areas such as increasing specific desulfurization activity, hydrocarbon phase tolerance, sulfur removal at higher temperature, and development of new porous substrates for desulfurization of a broader range of sulfur compounds. This work comprehensively describes the adsorption of organo-sulfur compounds present in liquid fuels on metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds. It has been demonstrated that the extent of dibenzothiophene (DBT) adsorption at temperatures close to ambient (304 K) is much higher on MOF systems than on the benchmarked Y-type zeolite and activated carbons. In addition, the DBT adsorption capacity depends strongly on the MOF type as illustrated by the much higher extent of adsorption observed on the Cu-(C300) and Al-containing (A100) MOF systems than on the Fe-containing (F300) MOF counterpart.
KEYWORDS: adsorption, organo-sulfur compounds, dibenzothiophene, liquid-phase adsorption, Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOF).
source: http://www.gnest.org/journal/Vol12_no3/296-304_721_Fierro_12_3.pdf
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According to its own description …
“The Global NEST constitutes an international association of scientists, technologists, engineers and other interested groups involved in all scientific and technological aspects of the environment as well as in application techniques aiming at the development of sustainable solutions. Its main target is to support and assist the dissemination of information regarding the most contemporary methods for improving quality of life through the development and application of technologies and policies friendly to the environment.
“The Global NEST has the ambition to intervene with scientifically based positions in the big global questions concerning the environment and make these positions known world-wide.”
source: http://www.gnest.org/
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GlobalNEST is worth bookmarking for future use. However, Global NEST does not have a search feature on its site … the best way to search is by Googling® .
Try, for example, Googling® by using the following example …
"global nest" desulfurization
You will find this to be a useful tip to search many other Web sites with limited or non-existent native search capability. Just type in the name of the organization and add a key word of interest to you.
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Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) for more tips and tricks to enhance online research results. Following is easy … go to the Blog, then click the “Follow” button.
Saturday, January 29, 2011
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
The Fork in the Road: Research from Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology
“When you come to the fork in the road, take it” -- Yogi Berra (American professional Baseball Player and Manager. b.1925)
When you see a fork in the road, bend down to pick it up … it may be worth your while.
See, for example, the following abstract …
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Journal of Hazardous Materials
Enhanced pervaporative desulfurization by polydimethylsiloxane membranes embedded with silver/silica core-shell microspheres
Ruijian Cao (a), Xiongfei Zhang (a), Hong Wu (a), (b), Jingtao Wang (a), Xiaofei Liu (a) and Zhongyi Jiang (a)
wuhong2000@gmail.com
a Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
Received 26 October 2010; revised 5 January 2011; accepted 6 January 2011. Available online 14 January 2011.
Abstract
Pervaporative desulfurization based on membrane technology provides a promising alternative for removal of sulfur substances (as represented by thiophene) in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. The present study focused on the performance enhancement of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane by incorporation of core-shell structured silver/silica microspheres. A silane coupling agent, N-[3-(trimethoxysily)propyl]-ethylenediamine (TSD), was used to chelate the Ag+ via its amino groups and attach the silver seeds onto the silica surface via condensation of its methoxyl groups. The resultant microspheres were characterized by Zeta-positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (ZetaPALS), inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrophotometer (ICP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ag+/SiO2-PDMS composite membranes were prepared by blending PDMS with the as-synthesized silver/silica microspheres. PALS analysis was used to correlate the apparent fractional free volume with permeation flux. The sorption selectivity towards thiophene was enhanced after incorporation of silver/silica microspheres due to the π–complexation between the silver on the microsphere surface and the thiophene molecules. The pervaporative desulfurization performance of the composite membrane was investigated using thiophene/n-octane mixture as a model gasoline. The composite membrane exhibited an optimum desulfurization performance with a permeation flux of 7.76 kg/(m2 h) and an enrichment factor of 4.3 at the doping content of 5%.
Keywords: Gasoline desulfurization; Pervaporation; Composite membrane; silver/silica; Polydimethylsiloxane
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-51Y57TR-7&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F14%2F2011&_alid=1619310663&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5253&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a903763158eaebc0402c1f9923098875&searchtype=a
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An intriguing article … and you may find several others worth reading when you Google® the following …
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology desulfurization
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology is one of the two organizations mentioned beneath the authors’ names. Simply by adding a keyword to the organization name, you can design a highly focused search that may yield additional articles of interest.
It is a fork worth picking up.
///////
Jean Steinhardt (LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch ) specializes in helping organizations like yours design effective online research strategies. Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/ ) for search tips and strategies applicable across a broad range of technology topics.
When you see a fork in the road, bend down to pick it up … it may be worth your while.
See, for example, the following abstract …
///////
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Enhanced pervaporative desulfurization by polydimethylsiloxane membranes embedded with silver/silica core-shell microspheres
Ruijian Cao (a), Xiongfei Zhang (a), Hong Wu (a), (b), Jingtao Wang (a), Xiaofei Liu (a) and Zhongyi Jiang (a)
wuhong2000@gmail.com
a Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
Received 26 October 2010; revised 5 January 2011; accepted 6 January 2011. Available online 14 January 2011.
Abstract
Pervaporative desulfurization based on membrane technology provides a promising alternative for removal of sulfur substances (as represented by thiophene) in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. The present study focused on the performance enhancement of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane by incorporation of core-shell structured silver/silica microspheres. A silane coupling agent, N-[3-(trimethoxysily)propyl]-ethylenediamine (TSD), was used to chelate the Ag+ via its amino groups and attach the silver seeds onto the silica surface via condensation of its methoxyl groups. The resultant microspheres were characterized by Zeta-positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (ZetaPALS), inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrophotometer (ICP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ag+/SiO2-PDMS composite membranes were prepared by blending PDMS with the as-synthesized silver/silica microspheres. PALS analysis was used to correlate the apparent fractional free volume with permeation flux. The sorption selectivity towards thiophene was enhanced after incorporation of silver/silica microspheres due to the π–complexation between the silver on the microsphere surface and the thiophene molecules. The pervaporative desulfurization performance of the composite membrane was investigated using thiophene/n-octane mixture as a model gasoline. The composite membrane exhibited an optimum desulfurization performance with a permeation flux of 7.76 kg/(m2 h) and an enrichment factor of 4.3 at the doping content of 5%.
Keywords: Gasoline desulfurization; Pervaporation; Composite membrane; silver/silica; Polydimethylsiloxane
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-51Y57TR-7&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F14%2F2011&_alid=1619310663&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5253&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a903763158eaebc0402c1f9923098875&searchtype=a
///////
An intriguing article … and you may find several others worth reading when you Google® the following …
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology desulfurization
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology is one of the two organizations mentioned beneath the authors’ names. Simply by adding a keyword to the organization name, you can design a highly focused search that may yield additional articles of interest.
It is a fork worth picking up.
///////
Jean Steinhardt (LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch ) specializes in helping organizations like yours design effective online research strategies. Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/ ) for search tips and strategies applicable across a broad range of technology topics.
Friday, January 21, 2011
Technology Alert ... Using the Web to Your Marketing Advantage
“Business has only two functions - marketing and innovation.” -- Milan Kundera (Czech Novelist, Playwright and Poet, b.1929)
Research and engineering is vital to progress in desulfurization technology. So is marketing.
No matter how brilliant your solutions to technical problems, if no one hears about them, nothing happens.
Marketing is crucial to making the world aware of the solutions you have to offer. The Web can help you.
Here’s a tip … find someone else who has made effective use of the Web, and adapt what you see to suit your purpose.
Take a look at … RPS - Refining Process Services, Inc.
RPS - Refining Process Services, Inc.(http://www.petroleumrefining.com/) is “a corporation that provides a complete array of technical support and training services to the petroleum refining industry on a worldwide basis. Refining Process Services was founded in 1985 to meet the need for an independent source of refining technical consulting and training services. Our reputation for meeting the needs of refiners by providing quality services has grown steadily to include a worldwide base of clients. Refining Process Services will continue to develop innovative services of high value for clients in the petroleum refining industry.”
source: http://www.petroleumrefining.com/
RPS uses the Web to its advantage in two distinct ways.
1) Web site (http://www.petroleumrefining.com/)
2) FCC Network (http://thefccnetwork.com/)
The RPS Web site promotes RPS services directly. The FCC Network site, which the RPS Web site links to, promotes RPS services indirectly … and by doing so, lends a certain credibility that is impossible when saying TA”Hey, look at me!”
Here is how the FCC Network describes itself …
FCC Network
Welcome to the FCC Network, an on-line community devoted exclusively to the subject of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) and associated petroleum refining processes. The FCC Network is a result of a collaborative effort between Refining Process Services, Inc. and our team of innovative corporate sponsors. Our goal is to be the definitive source of Fluid Catalytic Cracking information on the internet.
You are welcome to use this site free of charge as long as you register for a login name and password. Otherwise, you will be restricted to certain areas
source: http://thefccnetwork.com/
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The Web is powerful in its potential … but to realize that potential, you need to look at how others have used the technology to their advantage … and adapt it their methods to your advantage.
////////
Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) for more tips and tricks on how to use the Web to your advantage.
Research and engineering is vital to progress in desulfurization technology. So is marketing.
No matter how brilliant your solutions to technical problems, if no one hears about them, nothing happens.
Marketing is crucial to making the world aware of the solutions you have to offer. The Web can help you.
Here’s a tip … find someone else who has made effective use of the Web, and adapt what you see to suit your purpose.
Take a look at … RPS - Refining Process Services, Inc.
RPS - Refining Process Services, Inc.(http://www.petroleumrefining.com/) is “a corporation that provides a complete array of technical support and training services to the petroleum refining industry on a worldwide basis. Refining Process Services was founded in 1985 to meet the need for an independent source of refining technical consulting and training services. Our reputation for meeting the needs of refiners by providing quality services has grown steadily to include a worldwide base of clients. Refining Process Services will continue to develop innovative services of high value for clients in the petroleum refining industry.”
source: http://www.petroleumrefining.com/
RPS uses the Web to its advantage in two distinct ways.
1) Web site (http://www.petroleumrefining.com/)
2) FCC Network (http://thefccnetwork.com/)
The RPS Web site promotes RPS services directly. The FCC Network site, which the RPS Web site links to, promotes RPS services indirectly … and by doing so, lends a certain credibility that is impossible when saying TA”Hey, look at me!”
Here is how the FCC Network describes itself …
FCC Network
Welcome to the FCC Network, an on-line community devoted exclusively to the subject of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) and associated petroleum refining processes. The FCC Network is a result of a collaborative effort between Refining Process Services, Inc. and our team of innovative corporate sponsors. Our goal is to be the definitive source of Fluid Catalytic Cracking information on the internet.
You are welcome to use this site free of charge as long as you register for a login name and password. Otherwise, you will be restricted to certain areas
source: http://thefccnetwork.com/
///////
The Web is powerful in its potential … but to realize that potential, you need to look at how others have used the technology to their advantage … and adapt it their methods to your advantage.
////////
Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) for more tips and tricks on how to use the Web to your advantage.
Monday, January 17, 2011
Saudi Aramco's International Talent Quest
“I have no particular talent. I am merely inquisitive.” -- Albert Einstein (German born American Physicist ... Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1879-1955)
Conducting research is important. That’s obvious. Also obvious … we need people to conduct research, and the people who conduct research need to make a living. Which is why I depart on occasion from a strict focus on technology to a broader view of the technologists that produce the technologies that benefit humankind.
Today’s post highlights one employer that seeks researchers that can advance R&D in desulfurization and other technologies required to produce the energy necessary to power human endeavors on planet Earth.
Whether you’re trying to make a living or trying to make a difference, you will be interested in this post that I found on a LinkedIn group …
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Saudi Aramco's International Talent Quest
Looking for a rewarding career and lifestyle to match?
Saudi Aramco, the world’s leading energy provider, is seeking experienced professionals for stable and rewarding careers in Saudi Arabia.
Hiring Managers will be in Houston and Calgary in February!
Careers at Saudi Aramco offer job satisfaction on a whole different level with a competitive salary and a quality benefits package that includes six weeks of vacation and a generous travel allowance; and a quality family-friendly lifestyle in Saudi Arabia.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Engineering
Refining
Drilling
Exploration
R & D
Petroleum Engineering
New Business Development
See all positions and apply for an interview opportunity: www.aramco.jobs/Beyond
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My suggestion … if your career path involves R&D – Research & Development – take some time to explore the Saudi Aramco option. Visit www.aramco.jobs/Beyond
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Jean Steinhardt was Aramco Services Librarian for 13 years. Aramco Services is a Houston based subsidiary of the global Saudi Aramco enterprise. Visit his LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Conducting research is important. That’s obvious. Also obvious … we need people to conduct research, and the people who conduct research need to make a living. Which is why I depart on occasion from a strict focus on technology to a broader view of the technologists that produce the technologies that benefit humankind.
Today’s post highlights one employer that seeks researchers that can advance R&D in desulfurization and other technologies required to produce the energy necessary to power human endeavors on planet Earth.
Whether you’re trying to make a living or trying to make a difference, you will be interested in this post that I found on a LinkedIn group …
///////
Saudi Aramco's International Talent Quest
Looking for a rewarding career and lifestyle to match?
Saudi Aramco, the world’s leading energy provider, is seeking experienced professionals for stable and rewarding careers in Saudi Arabia.
Hiring Managers will be in Houston and Calgary in February!
Careers at Saudi Aramco offer job satisfaction on a whole different level with a competitive salary and a quality benefits package that includes six weeks of vacation and a generous travel allowance; and a quality family-friendly lifestyle in Saudi Arabia.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Engineering
Refining
Drilling
Exploration
R & D
Petroleum Engineering
New Business Development
See all positions and apply for an interview opportunity: www.aramco.jobs/Beyond
///////
My suggestion … if your career path involves R&D – Research & Development – take some time to explore the Saudi Aramco option. Visit www.aramco.jobs/Beyond
///////
Jean Steinhardt was Aramco Services Librarian for 13 years. Aramco Services is a Houston based subsidiary of the global Saudi Aramco enterprise. Visit his LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Wednesday, January 12, 2011
Organization Alert: TDI Library Services
“The length of this document defends it well against the risk of its being read.” -- Winston Churchill (British Orator, Author and Prime Minister during World War II. 1874-1965)
Document delivery is one of the things librarians and other information professionals do to help you get the information you need to do your work. “Document delivery” means getting the full text of articles and conference papers referenced at the end of peer reviewed articles.
Here, for example, is a paper that cites several interesting articles …
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Petroleum & Coal ISSN 1337-7027
Available online at www.vurup.sk/pc
Petroleum & Coal 51 (4) 229-236, 2009
INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTIVENESS PARAMETERS IN RESIDUE UPGRADING METHODS
A. Dehghani, M. Sattarin, H. Bridjanian, Kh. Mohamadbeigy
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran – P.O. Box 14665137, Email: dehghania@ripi.ir
Source: http://www.vurup.sk/pc/vol51_2009/issue4/pdf/pc_4_2009_dehdani_039.pdf
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You can purchase many of the cited articles on the Web for immediate download. But some of them, you can’t. For example …
///////
EXAMPLE: Reference No. 5
Dickenson, R., Johnson, H., Chang, E., “Toward Higher Value Transportation Fuels from Residual Fuel Oil”, SFA Pacific, Inc., 3rd. Bottom of the Barrel Technology Conference & Exhibition, Antwerp,(2004).
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How do you get a copy of a paper that is not available for download? Contact your librarian. If your organization does not employ a librarian, try a document delivery specialist like TDI (www.tdico.com/). According to its Web …
“TDI was founded on the principle that we would locate and deliver virtually any article, anywhere. More important, we believe in providing a full range of services, and treating every job with equal care. That dedication to service continues to drive our business today -- it's part of everything we do.”
///////
Jean Steinhardt specializes in training your people to maximize their online search effectiveness. The tips and tricks highlighted in the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) are useful no matter what technology you are researching.
Document delivery is one of the things librarians and other information professionals do to help you get the information you need to do your work. “Document delivery” means getting the full text of articles and conference papers referenced at the end of peer reviewed articles.
Here, for example, is a paper that cites several interesting articles …
///////
Petroleum & Coal ISSN 1337-7027
Available online at www.vurup.sk/pc
Petroleum & Coal 51 (4) 229-236, 2009
INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTIVENESS PARAMETERS IN RESIDUE UPGRADING METHODS
A. Dehghani, M. Sattarin, H. Bridjanian, Kh. Mohamadbeigy
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran – P.O. Box 14665137, Email: dehghania@ripi.ir
Source: http://www.vurup.sk/pc/vol51_2009/issue4/pdf/pc_4_2009_dehdani_039.pdf
///////
You can purchase many of the cited articles on the Web for immediate download. But some of them, you can’t. For example …
///////
EXAMPLE: Reference No. 5
Dickenson, R., Johnson, H., Chang, E., “Toward Higher Value Transportation Fuels from Residual Fuel Oil”, SFA Pacific, Inc., 3rd. Bottom of the Barrel Technology Conference & Exhibition, Antwerp,(2004).
///////
How do you get a copy of a paper that is not available for download? Contact your librarian. If your organization does not employ a librarian, try a document delivery specialist like TDI (www.tdico.com/). According to its Web …
“TDI was founded on the principle that we would locate and deliver virtually any article, anywhere. More important, we believe in providing a full range of services, and treating every job with equal care. That dedication to service continues to drive our business today -- it's part of everything we do.”
///////
Jean Steinhardt specializes in training your people to maximize their online search effectiveness. The tips and tricks highlighted in the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) are useful no matter what technology you are researching.
Saturday, January 8, 2011
Organization Alert … Copyright Clearance Center
Q: Can I trust your answers on copyright issues instead of asking a lawyer?
A: No. This isn't legal advice, I am not a lawyer, and I don't necessarily know what I'm talking about.
source: http://www.quotationspage.com/faq.php#85.5
What if you found the following thesis …
///////
Fischer-Tropsch Refining
Thesis by Arno de Klerk
University of Pretoria, South Africa
February 2008
Synopsis
Energy carriers, such as coal, natural gas and biomass, can be converted by Fischer-Tropsch technology into synthetic crude (syncrude). Fischer-Tropsch derived syncrude can then be refined to transportation fuels, such as motor-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. These fuels meet the same specifications as cured oil derived transportation fuels.
Conventional refining technologies have to be adapted to deal with Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, because they differ significantly from crude oil with respect to composition. Some of the key differences are the high concentration of oxygenates and olefins and absence of sulphur in Fischer-Trposch syncrude. Imposing a crude oil refining methodology on syncrude can lead to unwieldy and expensive refineries. Yet, despite an abundance of literature of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, there is little literature that deals with the refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude.
///////
Let’s say that you, a law abiding citizen, purchase a copy of the thesis. Having done this, how much of the thesis contents can you share with colleagues, while maintaining copyright compliance?
Copyright compliance is not a trivial issue. Owners of copyright can cause big problems when they feel that your organization has used its intellectual property in an improper manner. “Improper” usually means “You owe me money … and lots of it.”
Your organization’s librarian is the first line of defense against inadvertent copyright non-compliance. Your information professional deals with the issue on a daily basis and can share his or her very practical experience with you.
If your organization is too small to employ an information professional, I suggest you visit the CCC-Copyright Clearance Center’s Web (http://www.copyright.com/). Quoting from its Web …
///////
New to CCC?
We provide smart solutions that simplify the licensing of content.
» Learn more about licensing solutions
» Learn about copyright here
» Register a copyright here
When you need permission to re-use content, turn to the rights licensing experts for simple, easy-to-use solutions
source: http://www.copyright.com/
///////
As informative as is the CCC Web, it may be easier to begin with the Wikipedia description, some of which appears below …
///////
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) is a not-for-profit U.S. company based in Danvers, Massachusetts, that provides collective copyright licensing services for corporate and academic users of copyrighted materials. CCC procures agreements with rightsholders, primarily text publishers and authors, both for print and online, and acts as agent for them. This "collective agent" status allows CCC to represent thousands of publishers and hundreds of thousands of authors and other creators.
Collective licensing, as distinct from statutory licensing, is a means through which a user (licensee) can pay one annual fee for the use of all the covered materials of CCC’s publishers and authors. This arrangement provides one-stop shopping for the user, and obviates the need for users to track down many rightsholders, many times, for many uses of copyrighted content.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Clearance_Center
///////
When it comes to the support you need to do your research, there is no substitute for an information professional. If your organization does not support such … consider employing the services of an independent information professional like Jean Steinhardt. Visit his LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
A: No. This isn't legal advice, I am not a lawyer, and I don't necessarily know what I'm talking about.
source: http://www.quotationspage.com/faq.php#85.5
What if you found the following thesis …
///////
Fischer-Tropsch Refining
Thesis by Arno de Klerk
University of Pretoria, South Africa
February 2008
Synopsis
Energy carriers, such as coal, natural gas and biomass, can be converted by Fischer-Tropsch technology into synthetic crude (syncrude). Fischer-Tropsch derived syncrude can then be refined to transportation fuels, such as motor-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. These fuels meet the same specifications as cured oil derived transportation fuels.
Conventional refining technologies have to be adapted to deal with Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, because they differ significantly from crude oil with respect to composition. Some of the key differences are the high concentration of oxygenates and olefins and absence of sulphur in Fischer-Trposch syncrude. Imposing a crude oil refining methodology on syncrude can lead to unwieldy and expensive refineries. Yet, despite an abundance of literature of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, there is little literature that deals with the refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude.
///////
Let’s say that you, a law abiding citizen, purchase a copy of the thesis. Having done this, how much of the thesis contents can you share with colleagues, while maintaining copyright compliance?
Copyright compliance is not a trivial issue. Owners of copyright can cause big problems when they feel that your organization has used its intellectual property in an improper manner. “Improper” usually means “You owe me money … and lots of it.”
Your organization’s librarian is the first line of defense against inadvertent copyright non-compliance. Your information professional deals with the issue on a daily basis and can share his or her very practical experience with you.
If your organization is too small to employ an information professional, I suggest you visit the CCC-Copyright Clearance Center’s Web (http://www.copyright.com/). Quoting from its Web …
///////
New to CCC?
We provide smart solutions that simplify the licensing of content.
» Learn more about licensing solutions
» Learn about copyright here
» Register a copyright here
When you need permission to re-use content, turn to the rights licensing experts for simple, easy-to-use solutions
source: http://www.copyright.com/
///////
As informative as is the CCC Web, it may be easier to begin with the Wikipedia description, some of which appears below …
///////
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) is a not-for-profit U.S. company based in Danvers, Massachusetts, that provides collective copyright licensing services for corporate and academic users of copyrighted materials. CCC procures agreements with rightsholders, primarily text publishers and authors, both for print and online, and acts as agent for them. This "collective agent" status allows CCC to represent thousands of publishers and hundreds of thousands of authors and other creators.
Collective licensing, as distinct from statutory licensing, is a means through which a user (licensee) can pay one annual fee for the use of all the covered materials of CCC’s publishers and authors. This arrangement provides one-stop shopping for the user, and obviates the need for users to track down many rightsholders, many times, for many uses of copyrighted content.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Clearance_Center
///////
When it comes to the support you need to do your research, there is no substitute for an information professional. If your organization does not support such … consider employing the services of an independent information professional like Jean Steinhardt. Visit his LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Tuesday, January 4, 2011
Confidentiality … and the Librarians’ Code of Ethics
“The closer and more confidential our relationship with someone, the less we are entitled to ask about what we are not voluntarily told.” -- Louis Kronenberger (American Writer, 1904-1980)
Confidentiality is a key component of the librarians’ code of ethics. People need to know that they can access library services without fear of a third party looking over their shoulder.
In public libraries, it is a question of preserving personal privacy. In academic libraries, it is a question of preserving academic freedom. In corporate libraries, the issue is a bit more nuanced.
As manager of one corporate library, I was asked why it was important to protect the privacy of anyone using any corporate resource, including the library services funded by the corporation. My answer … if someone wants to pursue a line of inquiry which he feels will benefit not only the corporation, but also his career, he may well want to keep that pursuit to himself until he chooses to reveal it.
If he cannot depend on the librarian for confidentiality he probably will not use the library’s services … which negates the purpose of maintaining a library in the first place. If everyone in the corporation has the same concern, management faces the prospect of the balkanization of information resources. In other words, the enterprise ends up spending 10 times as much money on information resources as it needs to.
Here’s the point … if your organization supports a library, use its resources to your advantage. Get to know the librarian, to assure yourself that he or she takes seriously the confidentiality part of the librarians’ code of ethics. Over time, you will establish a comfort zone that will enable you to maximize your effectiveness.
And then you will be able to pursue the lines of inquiry suggested by an article like the one below …
///////
Fuel Processing Technology
doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.019
On the potential of absorption and reactive adsorption for desulfurization of ultra low-sulfur commercial diesel in the liquid phase in the presence of fuel additive and bio-diesel
J.A.Z. Pieterse, a, , S. van Eijka, H.A.J. van Dijka and R.W. van den Brinka
a Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
Received 19 August 2010; revised 18 November 2010; accepted 19 November 2010. Available online 18 December 2010.
Abstract
Sorption of sulfur components in the liquid phase was used to desulfurize ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) to below 1 ppmw S. Several concepts of sorption were considered by using both physisorption and chemisorption materials and conditions. Adsorption assisted by reaction with Ni sorbent was found to be most successful. Using a pre-commercial diesel representing a mature diesel on all aspects except for the absence of fuel stabilizers and bio-diesel, a sulfur breakthrough capacity of 2 mg S/g could be achieved using a Ni-sorbent at an acceptable LHSV of 0.7 h− 1 on average. However, successive experiments indicated that the desulfurization capacity depended strongly on the presence of fuel-additive and bio-diesel in commercial ULSD. The presence of the cetane improver 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN) was shown to decrease the sulfur capacity by roughly 50%. The presence of bio-diesel (fatty acid methyl ester, abbreviated to FAME) was shown to completely disable the desulfurization process. This was confirmed by comparing BP Ultimate diesel with FAME (obtained in 2008) and without FAME (obtained in 2006). From this evaluation it turned out that the targeted breakthrough capacity of 1 mg S/g sorbent was within reach for commercial ULSD until late 2006 when adding bio-diesel to ULSD became common practice in Europe. Several attempts to remove the additives prior to desulfurization by using copper loaded zeolites, active carbon and silica gel proved unsuccessful to bring the sulfur adsorption capacity for current diesel to the level observed for 2EHN and FAME-free diesel. It is concluded that sorption in the liquid phase does not yet represent a viable desulfurization technology for ultra-low sulfur diesel.
Keywords: Low-sulfur diesel; Sorption; Desulfurization; Bio-diesel; 2-Ethylhexylnitrate
///////
The Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) is produced by Jean Steinhardt, who invites YOU to invite HIM to join your LinkedIn network. View his LinkedIn Profile at: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Confidentiality is a key component of the librarians’ code of ethics. People need to know that they can access library services without fear of a third party looking over their shoulder.
In public libraries, it is a question of preserving personal privacy. In academic libraries, it is a question of preserving academic freedom. In corporate libraries, the issue is a bit more nuanced.
As manager of one corporate library, I was asked why it was important to protect the privacy of anyone using any corporate resource, including the library services funded by the corporation. My answer … if someone wants to pursue a line of inquiry which he feels will benefit not only the corporation, but also his career, he may well want to keep that pursuit to himself until he chooses to reveal it.
If he cannot depend on the librarian for confidentiality he probably will not use the library’s services … which negates the purpose of maintaining a library in the first place. If everyone in the corporation has the same concern, management faces the prospect of the balkanization of information resources. In other words, the enterprise ends up spending 10 times as much money on information resources as it needs to.
Here’s the point … if your organization supports a library, use its resources to your advantage. Get to know the librarian, to assure yourself that he or she takes seriously the confidentiality part of the librarians’ code of ethics. Over time, you will establish a comfort zone that will enable you to maximize your effectiveness.
And then you will be able to pursue the lines of inquiry suggested by an article like the one below …
///////
Fuel Processing Technology
doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.019
On the potential of absorption and reactive adsorption for desulfurization of ultra low-sulfur commercial diesel in the liquid phase in the presence of fuel additive and bio-diesel
J.A.Z. Pieterse, a, , S. van Eijka, H.A.J. van Dijka and R.W. van den Brinka
a Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
Received 19 August 2010; revised 18 November 2010; accepted 19 November 2010. Available online 18 December 2010.
Abstract
Sorption of sulfur components in the liquid phase was used to desulfurize ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) to below 1 ppmw S. Several concepts of sorption were considered by using both physisorption and chemisorption materials and conditions. Adsorption assisted by reaction with Ni sorbent was found to be most successful. Using a pre-commercial diesel representing a mature diesel on all aspects except for the absence of fuel stabilizers and bio-diesel, a sulfur breakthrough capacity of 2 mg S/g could be achieved using a Ni-sorbent at an acceptable LHSV of 0.7 h− 1 on average. However, successive experiments indicated that the desulfurization capacity depended strongly on the presence of fuel-additive and bio-diesel in commercial ULSD. The presence of the cetane improver 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN) was shown to decrease the sulfur capacity by roughly 50%. The presence of bio-diesel (fatty acid methyl ester, abbreviated to FAME) was shown to completely disable the desulfurization process. This was confirmed by comparing BP Ultimate diesel with FAME (obtained in 2008) and without FAME (obtained in 2006). From this evaluation it turned out that the targeted breakthrough capacity of 1 mg S/g sorbent was within reach for commercial ULSD until late 2006 when adding bio-diesel to ULSD became common practice in Europe. Several attempts to remove the additives prior to desulfurization by using copper loaded zeolites, active carbon and silica gel proved unsuccessful to bring the sulfur adsorption capacity for current diesel to the level observed for 2EHN and FAME-free diesel. It is concluded that sorption in the liquid phase does not yet represent a viable desulfurization technology for ultra-low sulfur diesel.
Keywords: Low-sulfur diesel; Sorption; Desulfurization; Bio-diesel; 2-Ethylhexylnitrate
///////
The Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) is produced by Jean Steinhardt, who invites YOU to invite HIM to join your LinkedIn network. View his LinkedIn Profile at: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Saturday, January 1, 2011
Google Scholar: Desulfurization at Saudi Aramco
“Words form the thread on which we string our experiences.” -- Aldous Huxley (English Novelist and Critic, 1894-1963)
Here is something you can do to improve your online research results …
Let’s say you’re interested in recent published results of Saudi Aramco’s desulfurization activities. But you’re interested in substance, not news.
Try this …
Go to Google
Click “More”, then select “Scholar”
Enter the following search string (or something similar):
Aramco 2010 desulfurization
There follows a typical result of such a search strategy. Try similar searches for ExxonMobil, ChevronTexaco, Shell, et al.
Desulfurization of diesel via the H2O2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a tungstate catalyst
F Al-Shahrani, T Xiao, SA Llewellyn, S Barri… - Applied Catalysis B: …, 2007 - Elsevier
... Desulfurization of diesel via the H 2 O 2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a ... C and
3–5 MPa H 2 pressure) [3]. The current HDS technology can desulfurize aliphatic and ... a sulfur
content of 1100 ppm was obtained from the Rabigh Refinery of Saudi Aramco in the ...
Microwave-promoted desulfurization of heavy and sulfur-containing crude oil
[PDF] from kacst.edu.saNE Leadbeater… - Energy & Fuels, 2008 - ACS Publications
... as model compounds because they are found in crude oil samples and are particularly challenging
to desulfurize. ... Crude oil was obtained from Saudi Aramco. ... General Procedure for a Desulfurization
Experiment A thick-walled reaction vessel was loaded with catalyst and crude ...
Chemical desulfurization of petroleum fractions for ultra-low sulfur fuels
MF Ali, A Al-Malki… - Fuel Processing Technology, 2009 - Elsevier
... b Research and Development Center, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. Received
11 August 2008; revised 8 January 2009; accepted 9 January 2009. Available online 12 February
2009. Abstract. An improved desulfurization process for removing sulfur from ...
GPC 111/and resins, structure-related properties 83-117 Attapulgus clay 87,100 Azaaromatic and azaoxyaaromatic
F Athabasca… - spectroscopy - ACS Publications
... of asphaltenes on 93/ Arabian Light vacuum residum, size distribution 150/ Aramco residue,
nitrogen ... desulfurization of petroleum residua 149/ Desulfurization 185 Determination of nitrogen
and sulfur 204 ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.168 on June 19, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org ...
Model System Desulfurization by Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Adsorption Techniques
[PDF] from kfupm.edu.saIIMZ Al-Zahrani - 2009 - eprints.kfupm.edu.sa
... and staff of chemistry department for their support. I would like to thank the management and
staff at the Saudi Aramco Research & Devel- ... 350 400 1998 2005 2008 2010 Year ... Page 26. 11
Consequently, new desulfurization methods are being developed to meet the new ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in three Saudi Arabian crude oils as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
SK Panda, W Schrader… - Energy Fuels, 2007 - ACS Publications
... to the compounds under HDS conditions and these accumulate in the desulfurized product. ... the
extent of the desulfurization process in order to retune the desulfurization method accordingly. ...
medium (AM), and Arabian light (AL) were provided by Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. ...
Asphalt (continued)
BSR BSR - development - ACS Publications
... 42 Ammonia 62, 66 Ammonium sulfate formation 66 Applications, Sudicrete 247 Aramco facilities
231 ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.60 on July 5, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date ...
Demonstration project, Asarco 197 Deposition of sulfur 40-41 Desulfurization direct, of gas ...
Performance analysis of heat exchangers of an existing naphtha hydrotreating plant: A case study
LM Al-Hadhrami, A Ahmad… - Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010 - Elsevier
... b Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. ... Available online
20 January 2010. ... Hydrogen rich gases are supplied from the platformer unit, which combines
with the liquid naphtha feed for subsequent desulfurization reactions in the reactor. ...
A Novel alpha-Amylase Enzyme Stabilizer for Applications at High Temperatures
M Samuel, A Mohsen, A Ejan, Y Ooi… - SPE Production & …, 2010 - onepetro.org
... August 2010 SPE Production & Operations ... Enzymes obtained from Rhodococcus rhodochrous
microor- ganisms are used in the reduction of crude-oil viscosity and for the desulfurization process
for hydrocarbons that contain high levels of sulfur (Monticello and Haney 1996). ...
Improving fractionation lowers butane sulfur level at Saudi gas plant
LG Harruff, GD Martinie… - Oil and Gas Journal, 1998 - osti.gov
... Subject, 03 NATURAL GAS; SAUDI ARABIA; NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PLANTS; BUTANE;
FRACTIONATION; DESULFURIZATION; NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE. ... (Saudi
Aramco) and, therefore, cannot be transported to ... Top. Last Updated: 09/24/2010.
Multisite Refinery and Petrochemical Network Design: Optimal Integration and Coordination
K Al-Qahtani… - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry …, 2008 - ACS Publications
... Reduction of sulfur emissions is typically achieved by deeper desulfurization of petroleum fuels,
which in turn requires additional hydrogen production.(19) A less capital intensive alternative
to alleviate hydrogen shortage is to operate ... desulfurized gas oil, 1300.0, 3000.0, 2400.0. ...
Sulfur removal from model diesel fuel using granular activated carbon from dates' stones activated by ZnCl2
YA Alhamed… - Fuel, 2009 - Elsevier
... Very recently, organo-sulfur compounds have been successfully reduced using desulfurizing
bacteria strain [31], [32] and [33 ... The great challenge in development of an effective adsorptive
desulfurization process is to develop an adsorbent with high selectivity and high capacity ...
Deep desulphurization of gasoline and diesel fuels using non-hydrogen consuming techniques
[PDF] from kfupm.edu.saMF Ali, A Al-Malki, B El-Ali, G Martinie… - Fuel, 2006 - Elsevier
... b Research and Development Center, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. ... in Europe
and the USA calls for a maximum sulphur content of 50 ppm in gasoline and diesel by 2005
[1] and [2], and this level will be reduced to below 10 ppm by the year 2010 [1]. The ...
HDS of 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over MoS2 catalysts supported on macroporous carbon coated with aluminosilicate nanoparticles
TN Aridi… - Applied Catalysis A: General, 2009 - Elsevier
... followed by C–S bond cleavage, and a hydrogenolysis pathway via direct C–S bond cleavage
without aromatic ring hydrogenation, which is also called the direct desulfurization (DDS) pathways
[8]. The ... Scanning electron microscopy was done at Saudi Aramco R&D center. ...
[PDF] Rigorous simulation supports accurate refinery decisions
[PDF] from ntnu.noJ Forrest… - Proceedings of fourth international conference on …, 2003 - nt.ntnu.no
... Royal Dutch Shell, BP, TotalFinaElf, Saudi Aramco, and Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA)
all have at ... will need to spend an additional $8 billion to comply with gasoline desulfurization.11 The ... sulfur specification for 2007, and phase 2 mandates 100% of the pool for 2010. ...
Advances in Characterization and Utilization of Asphaltenes
M Nomura, PM Rahimi… - ACS symposium series, 2005 - ACS Publications
... Suite A202, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada 3Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco,
PO Box ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.19 on July 8, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date:
January 24 ... Desulfurization did not follow the cracking trend and was as high as 38 Wt ...
///////
Start the New Year on the right foot … follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) … and recommend it to your colleagues.
Here is something you can do to improve your online research results …
Let’s say you’re interested in recent published results of Saudi Aramco’s desulfurization activities. But you’re interested in substance, not news.
Try this …
Go to Google
Click “More”, then select “Scholar”
Enter the following search string (or something similar):
Aramco 2010 desulfurization
There follows a typical result of such a search strategy. Try similar searches for ExxonMobil, ChevronTexaco, Shell, et al.
Desulfurization of diesel via the H2O2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a tungstate catalyst
F Al-Shahrani, T Xiao, SA Llewellyn, S Barri… - Applied Catalysis B: …, 2007 - Elsevier
... Desulfurization of diesel via the H 2 O 2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a ... C and
3–5 MPa H 2 pressure) [3]. The current HDS technology can desulfurize aliphatic and ... a sulfur
content of 1100 ppm was obtained from the Rabigh Refinery of Saudi Aramco in the ...
Microwave-promoted desulfurization of heavy and sulfur-containing crude oil
[PDF] from kacst.edu.saNE Leadbeater… - Energy & Fuels, 2008 - ACS Publications
... as model compounds because they are found in crude oil samples and are particularly challenging
to desulfurize. ... Crude oil was obtained from Saudi Aramco. ... General Procedure for a Desulfurization
Experiment A thick-walled reaction vessel was loaded with catalyst and crude ...
Chemical desulfurization of petroleum fractions for ultra-low sulfur fuels
MF Ali, A Al-Malki… - Fuel Processing Technology, 2009 - Elsevier
... b Research and Development Center, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. Received
11 August 2008; revised 8 January 2009; accepted 9 January 2009. Available online 12 February
2009. Abstract. An improved desulfurization process for removing sulfur from ...
GPC 111/and resins, structure-related properties 83-117 Attapulgus clay 87,100 Azaaromatic and azaoxyaaromatic
F Athabasca… - spectroscopy - ACS Publications
... of asphaltenes on 93/ Arabian Light vacuum residum, size distribution 150/ Aramco residue,
nitrogen ... desulfurization of petroleum residua 149/ Desulfurization 185 Determination of nitrogen
and sulfur 204 ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.168 on June 19, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org ...
Model System Desulfurization by Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Adsorption Techniques
[PDF] from kfupm.edu.saIIMZ Al-Zahrani - 2009 - eprints.kfupm.edu.sa
... and staff of chemistry department for their support. I would like to thank the management and
staff at the Saudi Aramco Research & Devel- ... 350 400 1998 2005 2008 2010 Year ... Page 26. 11
Consequently, new desulfurization methods are being developed to meet the new ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in three Saudi Arabian crude oils as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
SK Panda, W Schrader… - Energy Fuels, 2007 - ACS Publications
... to the compounds under HDS conditions and these accumulate in the desulfurized product. ... the
extent of the desulfurization process in order to retune the desulfurization method accordingly. ...
medium (AM), and Arabian light (AL) were provided by Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. ...
Asphalt (continued)
BSR BSR - development - ACS Publications
... 42 Ammonia 62, 66 Ammonium sulfate formation 66 Applications, Sudicrete 247 Aramco facilities
231 ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.60 on July 5, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date ...
Demonstration project, Asarco 197 Deposition of sulfur 40-41 Desulfurization direct, of gas ...
Performance analysis of heat exchangers of an existing naphtha hydrotreating plant: A case study
LM Al-Hadhrami, A Ahmad… - Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010 - Elsevier
... b Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. ... Available online
20 January 2010. ... Hydrogen rich gases are supplied from the platformer unit, which combines
with the liquid naphtha feed for subsequent desulfurization reactions in the reactor. ...
A Novel alpha-Amylase Enzyme Stabilizer for Applications at High Temperatures
M Samuel, A Mohsen, A Ejan, Y Ooi… - SPE Production & …, 2010 - onepetro.org
... August 2010 SPE Production & Operations ... Enzymes obtained from Rhodococcus rhodochrous
microor- ganisms are used in the reduction of crude-oil viscosity and for the desulfurization process
for hydrocarbons that contain high levels of sulfur (Monticello and Haney 1996). ...
Improving fractionation lowers butane sulfur level at Saudi gas plant
LG Harruff, GD Martinie… - Oil and Gas Journal, 1998 - osti.gov
... Subject, 03 NATURAL GAS; SAUDI ARABIA; NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PLANTS; BUTANE;
FRACTIONATION; DESULFURIZATION; NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE. ... (Saudi
Aramco) and, therefore, cannot be transported to ... Top. Last Updated: 09/24/2010.
Multisite Refinery and Petrochemical Network Design: Optimal Integration and Coordination
K Al-Qahtani… - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry …, 2008 - ACS Publications
... Reduction of sulfur emissions is typically achieved by deeper desulfurization of petroleum fuels,
which in turn requires additional hydrogen production.(19) A less capital intensive alternative
to alleviate hydrogen shortage is to operate ... desulfurized gas oil, 1300.0, 3000.0, 2400.0. ...
Sulfur removal from model diesel fuel using granular activated carbon from dates' stones activated by ZnCl2
YA Alhamed… - Fuel, 2009 - Elsevier
... Very recently, organo-sulfur compounds have been successfully reduced using desulfurizing
bacteria strain [31], [32] and [33 ... The great challenge in development of an effective adsorptive
desulfurization process is to develop an adsorbent with high selectivity and high capacity ...
Deep desulphurization of gasoline and diesel fuels using non-hydrogen consuming techniques
[PDF] from kfupm.edu.saMF Ali, A Al-Malki, B El-Ali, G Martinie… - Fuel, 2006 - Elsevier
... b Research and Development Center, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. ... in Europe
and the USA calls for a maximum sulphur content of 50 ppm in gasoline and diesel by 2005
[1] and [2], and this level will be reduced to below 10 ppm by the year 2010 [1]. The ...
HDS of 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over MoS2 catalysts supported on macroporous carbon coated with aluminosilicate nanoparticles
TN Aridi… - Applied Catalysis A: General, 2009 - Elsevier
... followed by C–S bond cleavage, and a hydrogenolysis pathway via direct C–S bond cleavage
without aromatic ring hydrogenation, which is also called the direct desulfurization (DDS) pathways
[8]. The ... Scanning electron microscopy was done at Saudi Aramco R&D center. ...
[PDF] Rigorous simulation supports accurate refinery decisions
[PDF] from ntnu.noJ Forrest… - Proceedings of fourth international conference on …, 2003 - nt.ntnu.no
... Royal Dutch Shell, BP, TotalFinaElf, Saudi Aramco, and Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA)
all have at ... will need to spend an additional $8 billion to comply with gasoline desulfurization.11 The ... sulfur specification for 2007, and phase 2 mandates 100% of the pool for 2010. ...
Advances in Characterization and Utilization of Asphaltenes
M Nomura, PM Rahimi… - ACS symposium series, 2005 - ACS Publications
... Suite A202, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada 3Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco,
PO Box ... Downloaded by 66.249.65.19 on July 8, 2010 http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date:
January 24 ... Desulfurization did not follow the cracking trend and was as high as 38 Wt ...
///////
Start the New Year on the right foot … follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) … and recommend it to your colleagues.
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