Processes

“I put my heart and my soul into my work, and have lost my mind in the process.” -- Vincent van Gogh (Dutch Painter, Post-Impressionist, 1853-1890)

Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources, Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability, Chapter 2 in The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), includes concise descriptions of processes, with comments on each process’s usefulness in processing heavy crudes, why the process was developed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the process.

Example …
"Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
"The Eni Slurry Technology (EST) process was developed recently by Snamprogetti and EniTecnologie, both companies of the Eni Group (Montanari et al., 2003). Unlike the technologies available today, EST operates in such a way as to permit the almost complete conversion of heavy petroleum feedstocks into distillates and avoid the production of fuel oil and coke.
"The heart of the process consists of a hydrotreating (HT) reactor in which the heavy crude feedstock undergoes a hydrogenation treatment in relatively mild conditions (410-420°C and 160 bar), limiting the conversion per pass to distillates, but ensuring a satisfactory margin of stability for the unconverted residue. The hydrotreatment is carried out in the presence of several thousand ppm of a molybdenum based catalyst finely dispersed in the liquid mass so as to promote the upgrading reactions (metal removal, desulphuration, denitrogenation and reduction of the carbon residue). The hydrotreated products leaving the HT unit are sent to a fractionating section to recover the distillates. The unconverted residue from the bottom of the fractionating column is then sent to a solvent deasphaltating section (SDA) to recover the deasphalted and demetallized oil (DAO), while the asphaltene stream that contains all of the catalyst is recycled to the HT section to be reprocessed together with additional fresh feedstock ( Fig. 11). After a number of recyclings, a stationary steady-state condition is reached that makes it possible to obtain almost total conversion levels, overcoming the traditional limitations of the classical conversion processes, i.e. the loss of stability of the reaction products and, consequently, the deposition of coke."

Why is this kind of information important to you? Because it can help an information professional like me help you by more efficiently obtaining more relevant results.

As an expert in the desulfurization field, you probably are well versed in the various technologies described. But your corporate or academic librarian may not be. Pointing the librarian to a source like Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources will enable him or her to identify key words and concepts that will increase the effectiveness of their online searches.

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Technologies Described in Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources
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Carbon rejection technologies
• Visbreaking
• Hydrovisbreaking
• Aquaconversion.
• Deep Thermal Conversion
• Eureka process
• Coking
• Delayed coking
• Fluid Coking
• Flexicoking
• LR Coker (Lurgi Ruhrgas)

Extraction processes
• Solvent deasphalting
• OrCrude process
• SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage)

Catalytic processes
• Catalytic cracking
• Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
• MSCC MilliSecond Catalytic Cracking
• X DESIGN

Hydrogen addition technologies
• Hydrocracking
• Onstream Catalyst Replacement system (OCR)
• H-Oil
• LC-Fining
• Technologies with catalysis in dispersed phase (slurry)
• VEBA CombiCracking process (VCC)
• HDH
• HDHPlus
• Canmet process
• Microcat-RC process
• (HC)3 (High Conversion/Hydrocracking/Homogeneous Catalyst)
• Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
• Hydrogen Transfer Cracking
• Succeed Process
• CASH process (Chevron’s Activated Slurry Hydrocracking)
• GNO-V

Technologies for the exploitation of oil shale
• Retorting
• ICP (In situ Conversion Process)

Speaking of processes, begin the process of improving your online search effectiveness … follow Jean Steinhardt Consulting’s Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/)