The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons

“Everyone thinks his own burden heavy” -- French Proverb

The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), as mentioned in a previous post, is worth bookmarking for future reference. The item of most interest to desulfurization experts is …

Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
In: The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons , Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability
Chapter 2 – Hydrocarbons from non-conventional and alternative fossil resources
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf

Among the many nuggets of useful information in this section is …

Table 3. Principal compositional characteristics of heavy crude oils and bitumens
[Tip: copy and paste into a Notepad text file to make the columns line up properly]
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.......................ARABIAN LIGHT....ZUATA.......BOSCAN......MAYA....COLD LAKE......ATHABASCA BITUMEN
SOURCE.................SAUDI ARABIA.....VENEZUELA...VENEZUELA...MEXICO..CANADA.........CANADA
API gravity............33.6.............8.5.........10.5........21.5....10.2...........7.4
Distillation yield (% by weight)
Naptha.................20.6.............0.0.........4.0.........12.9....1.5............1.0
Atmospheric gasoil.....36.0.............14.1........11.6........21.7....14.9...........13.0
Vacuum gasoil..........23.2.............31.0........20.2........22.2....38.8...........34.0
Vacuum residue (VR)
TBP cut................530°C+...........500°C+......350°C+......500°C+..340°C+.........300°C+
API gravity............8.3..............2.5.........7.2.........1.5.....7.2............7.8
Sulphur (weight %).....4.0..............4.2.........6.0.........5.2.....4.9............4.6
Nitrogen (weight %)....0.25.............0.97........0.96........0.81....0.70...........0.48
Nickel (ppm)...........30...............154.........119.........132.....107............70
Vanadium (ppm).........110..............697.........1,473.......866.....210............186
C7 Asphaltenes (wt %)..5.3..............19.7........18.2........30.3....n/a............12.4
CCR (weight %).........18.0.............22.1........18.3........29.3....20.8...........13.6
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source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf

The other tables in Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues are …

Table 1. Classification of non-conventional oils
Table 2. Main deposits of bitumens (1) and heavy crude oils (2)
Table 4. Compositional variability of C7 asphaltenes precipitated from crudes and bitumens
Table 5. Estimate of reaction heat for the main reactions involved in the hydrocracking of heavy feedstocks
Table 6. Aquaconversion process performance. Feedstock treated: extra-heavy crude from the Orinoco Belt (6.5°API)
Table 7. Comparison of the conversion yields of delayed coking and the Eureka processes. Feedstock treated: vacuum residue with 5.9°API
Table 8. Product yields and qualities from delayed coking
Table 9. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing an Arabian Heavy vacuum residue (1.8°API and 6.0 weight % of sulphur) via coking processes
Table 10.Product yields and qualities from ebullated bed
Table 11. Canmet process performance. Feedstock treated: Cold Lake vacuum residue
Table 12. EST process performances
Table 13. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing American oil shale by means of different processes
Table 14. Projects for the exploitation of extra heavy Venezuelan crudes
Table 15. Main Canadian projects for the industrial exploitation of non-conventional oils

The Desulfurization Blog also has useful nuggets of information … receive an email each time it is updated by contacting me at research@JeanSteinhardtConsulting.com