Here are a few desulfurization items I have found during the past couple of months. A couple of them are available as free full text sources. Most of them, unfortunately, require purchase.
Adsorption desulfurization study with ionic liquid compound ZrO2/PSMIMHSO4
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Jianxiang
Wu
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Author
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Yilong
Gao
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URL
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Free
Full Text Source: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13203-016-0148-z
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Pages
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1-6
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Publication
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Applied
Petrochemical Research
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Date
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2016/02/23
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Abstract
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Alok
D. Bokare
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Author
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Wonyong
Choi
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URL
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Volume
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304
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Pages
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313-319
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Publication
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Journal
of Hazardous Materials
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Date
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March
5, 2016
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Abstract
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Researchers
obtained efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oil containing
dibenzothiophene (DBT) and aromatic thiophenic derivatives at room
temperature using hydrogen peroxide activation by inorganic bicarbonate
(HCO3−). Employing in-situ formation of peroxymonocarbonate as oxidant, the
transformation of main model substrate DBT to corresponding DBT-sulfone was achieved
in biphasic reaction conditions.
In the presence of water–acetonitrile polar phase, increasing the water content upto 50% decreased the extraction capacity more than 3 times, but ∼90% DBT oxidation was still achieved. The oxidizing capacity of bicarbonate catalyst was maintained during repeated ODS cycles, but DBT removal efficiency was critically dependent on the extraction capacity of the polar phase. Under heterogeneous reaction conditions, bicarbonate-modified ion-exchange resin achieved similar ODS activity compared to the homogeneous catalytic system. Researchers propose the NaHCO3/H2O2 catalytic system as an efficient and cheap metal-free alternative for the oxidative removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from fuel oil. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Qian
Zhang
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Author
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Li
Shi
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URL
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Volume
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6
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Issue
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12
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Pages
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9589-9597
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Publication
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RSC
Advances
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Date
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2016-01-25
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Abstract
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Reports
a study of the removal of sulfur compounds from liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
using a fixed-bed flow sorption system. Copper-modified bentonite adsorbents
significantly enhanced the desulfurization of LPG. Researchers studied several
factors that influence desulfurization, including the copper loading, the
baking temperature, the valence state and the type of anion used.
Optimum desulfurization with Cu(II)-modified bentonite adsorbents was obtained at a loading of 15 wt% Cu2+ and a calcination temperature of 150 °C. The Cu(I)-modified bentonite adsorbents were shown to be better than the Cu(II)-modified bentonite adsorbents in removing sulfur compounds from LPG; the anion used had no significant influence on the desulfurization ability of the Cu(II)-modified bentonite adsorbents. FTIR analyses showed that the surface Lewis acid sites contributed to the desulfurization process. The sulfur compounds were adsorbed over Cu(I)- and Cu(II)-modified bentonite by a direct sulfur–adsorbent interaction. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Mohammad
N. Siddiqui
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Author
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Tawfik
A. Saleh
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URL
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Pages
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1-7
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Publication
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Journal
of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
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Date
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2016/02/13
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Abstract
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Describes
a study of the effectiveness of carbon nanotube/TiO2 (CNT/TiO2) adsorbents to
desulfurize model fuels containing various thiophenes. While experiments conducted
in the film-shear reactor and in a batch reactor were both very effective in
removing a variety of recalcitrant thiophenes, reactions in the film-shear
reactor required far smaller TiO2 concentrations to be effective. Researchers
attribute the effectiveness of the film-shear reactor to its ability to
intimately mix the fuels and the CNT/TiO2 adsorbent.
The CNT/TiO2 nanomaterial could be regenerated by heating without loss of desulfurization ability. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Tian
Jin
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Author
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Shuhao
An
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URL
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Publication
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AIChE
Journal
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Date
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January
1, 2016
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Abstract
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Researchers
fabricated a task-specific mesoporous organic polymer (TSPOP) with unique
features including good porosity and rich aromatic phenyl groups which they
used as a promising adsorptive desulfurization absorbent.
The material exhibits an efficient saturated adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT), as high as 111.1 mg g−1. In addition, the intrinsic mesoporous skeleton of TSPOP gave rise to a facile incorporation of uniform Ag(I) species inside the network which facilitated the uptake of organosulfur compounds. A significantly higher saturated DBT adsorption for Ag(I)-loaded TSPOP reaches 203.7 mg g−1 via a multiple-site interaction. A detailed model study based on the density functional calculation offers a deeper understanding of the origin of this high activity. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Bin
Jiang
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Author
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Huawei
Yang
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URL
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Volume
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283
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Pages
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89-96
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Publication
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Chemical
Engineering Journal
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Date
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January
1, 2016
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Abstract
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Presents
results of a study of a series of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids having a
protonated amide- or lactam-based cation which were synthesized and
investigated as extractants and catalysts in the extraction combined with
oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) of both model oil and diesel fuel, with
hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
Each of them showed obvious removal of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil. Among them, [HCPL][TFA] exhibited the best performance by completely removing BT and DBT in a short time. The detailed structure and conformation of [HCPL][TFA] were investigated by 1H NMR and FTIR as well as theoretical calculation. HCPL+ cation was verified to exist in an enol form, which was supposed to contribute to high desulfurization performance by improving the formation of peroxides. Two types of diesel were used to evaluate its desulfurization performance. The results of GC-PFPD before and after each ECODS process indicated that almost all the original S-compounds in diesel had been converted to their corresponding oxidation products. The desulfurization performance was, in fact, restricted by extraction capability. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Fengli
Yu
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Author
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Chunyu
Liu
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URL
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Volume
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177
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Pages
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39-45
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Publication
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Fuel
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Date
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August
1, 2016
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Abstract
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Researchers
designed a highly efficient extractive desulfurization (EDS) system with
polyether-based ionic liquids (ILs) as extractants. The polyether ILs, with
two PEG chains and a benzyl group, display high affinities for sulfur
compounds, in particular, for benzothiophenes and phenyl sulfides.
These exceptional affinities are due to various interactions between the IL and sulfur compounds, which include electrostatic effects, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions. The extraction equilibrium can be achieved within a few minutes near room temperature. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Jing-jing
Li
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Author
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Fei
Zhou
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URL
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Volume
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6
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Issue
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6
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Pages
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4803-4809
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Publication
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RSC
Advances
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Date
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2016-01-07
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Abstract
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Deep
desulfurization of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which is the most
important octane booster in gasoline, is urgent. Authors present a novel
desulfurization method, involving the combination of electrochemical
oxidation and distillation, to reduce the sulfur content in MTBE.
Under optimum operating conditions, the sulfur content of real MTBE decreases from 132.5 μg g−1 to 2.3 μg g−1 and the desulfurization efficiency reaches 98.25%. The oxidation products with high boiling points can be separated by distillation. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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José
M. Fraile
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Author
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Cristina
Gil
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URL
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Volume
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180
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Pages
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680-686
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Publication
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Applied
Catalysis B: Environmental
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Date
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January
2016
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Abstract
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Microporous titania–silica nanocomposite catalyst-adsorbent for ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Amin
Bazyari
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Author
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Abbas
A. Khodadadi
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URL
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Volume
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180
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Pages
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65-77
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Publication
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Applied
Catalysis B: Environmental
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Date
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January
2016
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Abstract
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Researchers
fabricated high-performance microporous titania–silica nanocomposites with varying
TiO2 loadings of 0–100 wt% using a sol–gel method and evaluated for
ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) using
tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant.
They examined the effects of titanium loading, calcination temperature, and reaction temperature on the catalyst performance. The activity varied significantly with the amount of titanium in the TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite with a nearly constant turnover frequency (TOF) of about 24.6 h−1. The TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite containing 50 wt% titania loading (TS-50) with the highest total acidity was an excellent catalyst capable of removing more than 98% of DBT to less than 10 ppmw, after 20 min. DBT was oxidized to DBT-sulfone (DBTO2), a species with higher polarity that could be subsequently adsorbed on the TS-50 and therefore, the nanocomposite acts as both a catalyst and adsorbent simultaneously. The catalysts could be easily regenerated by calcination at 873 K. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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C.
Shen
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Author
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Y.
J. Wang
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URL
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Volume
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18
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Issue
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3
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Pages
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771-781
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Publication
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Green
Chemistry
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Date
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2016-02-01
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Abstract
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With
the objective of ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of
dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) to
control air pollution, researchers designed porous glass supported with TiO2
nanoparticles acting as an amphiphilic catalyst. Hydrogen peroxide,
considered a green oxidant, was used, and for the extreme liquid–liquid phase
ratio reaction system, a pore volume
of 0.19 mL g−1 of the catalyst provides enough space for the storage of
hydrogen peroxide.
The catalyst offers a high interfacial surface area of 116.9 m2 g−1 and enhances the reaction by facilitating the mass transfer. The mono-dispersed TiO2 exhibited good crystallinity. The mean diameter varied from 2.1 to 7.8 nm with the loading amount increasing from 1.27 wt% to 9.85 wt%. The catalyst showed high activity and good stability for producing ultra-clean fuels: 100% conversion was obtained within 2 min and the conversion just decreased from 100.0 ± 1.0% to 94.3 ± 0.6% after 5 cycles. Overall, this new reusable catalyst provided an alternative for highly efficient ultra-deep desulfurization in a green way. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Lu
Qiu
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Author
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Yan
Cheng
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URL
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Volume
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6
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Issue
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21
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Pages
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17036-17045
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Publication
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RSC
Advances
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Date
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2016-02-09
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Abstract
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Presents
results of a study of the performance of catalytic oxidative desulfurization
from model oil using a catalyst of molybdenum supported on modified medicinal
stone (Mo/MMS). Researchers fabricated the catalyst by the sorption method
and characterized it by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N2
adsorption–desorption. The removal rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reached
97.5% within 60 min under conditions of catalyst dosage of 0.50 g, a reaction
temperature of 100 °C, an oxidant/sulfur molar ratio (O/S) of 5.0 and the
volume of model oil of 20 ml.
Study results prove that the Mo/MMS catalyst could be cost-effective for removal of DBT from oil. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Marília
Ramalho Figueiredo dos Santos
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Author
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Anne
Michelle Garrido Pedrosa
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URL
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Volume
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19
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Issue
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1
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Pages
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24-30
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Publication
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Materials
Research
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Date
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02/2016
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Abstract
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Katarzyna
Rychlewska
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Author
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Krystyna
Konieczny
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URL
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Volume
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57
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Issue
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3
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Pages
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1247-1254
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Publication
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Desalination
and Water Treatment
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Date
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January
14, 2016
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Abstract
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Researchers
conducted a set of vacuum pervaporation tests to study the performance of the
commercial composite membrane with an active layer made of
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). They examined the effects of feed temperature,
the sulfur content in the mixture, and feed composition on membrane
performance. Toluene/thiophene and n-heptane/thiophene binary organic
mixtures simulating gasoline were separated at 30–50°C, at laboratory scale.
Studies have shown that the concentration of thiophene in the mixture and the
temperature of the feed have a significant impact on the yield and
selectivity of the desulfurization process.
Experimental results revealed that higher feed temperature yielded higher total and partial fluxes and a lower sulfur enrichment factor. The total and partial fluxes increased as the sulfur content in the feed increased. The sulfur enrichment factor decreased with the amount of thiophene added in the gasoline. The experiments also demonstrated that commercial PDMS membrane was more selective to thiophene in the case of n-haptane/thiophene mixture, mainly due to higher affinity of toluene toward PDMS. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Hayyiratul
Fatimah Mohd Zaid
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Author
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Chong
Fai Kait
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URL
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Volume
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1133
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Pages
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664-668
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Publication
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Advanced
Materials Research
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Date
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1/2016
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DOI
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Abstract
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Type
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Thesis
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Author
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Jaykumar
B. Bhasarkar
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URL
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Date
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2016
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Type
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Thesis
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Abstract
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This
thesis has focused on the physical mechanism of the sono-hybrid processes for
desulfurization of liquid fuels. Mainly two sono-hybrid techniques, viz. the
combinations of oxidative desulfurization (with different
oxidants)/ultrasound and biodesulfurization (either microbial or
enzymatic)/ultrasound, have been treated. These sono-hybrid systems have also
been combined with the phase transfer agent and surfactant systems.
The thesis comprises of total 7 chapters. A brief description of contents of each chapter is as follows: Chapter 1 presents the general introduction to the subject of desulfurization with description of basic aspects of conventional as well as new techniques of desulfurization followed by description of aim and approach of the thesis. Chapter 2 deals with the investigations in ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization using the hybrid Fenton-peracetic acid system. An attempt is also made in distinguishing between contributions of ultrasound and cavitation to the process. Chapter 3 describes investigations in ultrasonic enhancement of phase transfer agent assisted oxidative desulfurization system. Two oxidant systems, viz. peracetic acid and performic acid have been coupled with a phase transfer agent. Synergistic links between the mechanisms of phase transfer agent and physical/chemical effects of ultrasound and cavitation have been identified. Chapter 4 presents further research on mechanistic links between ultrasound/cavitation and phase transfer agent. Kinetic and Arrhenius analysis of the experimental data has been coupled with simulations of cavitation bubble dynamics to get physical insight into the combined effect of PTA and ultrasound on oxidative desulfurization system. Chapter 5 presents investigations in microbial desulfurization using immobilized cells of Rhodococcus rhodocorus MTCC 3552. The approach has been to fit Haldane kinetics model to dibenzothiophene metabolism. Chapter 6 presents studies in ultrasound-assisted enzymatic desulfurization using system comprising Horseradish peroxidase enzyme and dibenzothiophene. This study involves identification of metabolic pathway of enzymatic degradation with study of conformational changes in the enzyme structure induced by ultrasound and cavitation. Chapter 7 presents an overview of the mechanistic investigations in various sono-hybrid techniques. Despite significantly different chemistry, several physical aspects of the four sono-hybrid techniques for oxidative desulfurization, viz. sono-Fenton-peracetic acid, sono-PTA-peracetic/performic acid, sono-microbial and sono-enzymatic, have been revealed to be strikingly similar. These physical aspects have been identified and discussed in this chapter. In summary, this thesis is a mechanistic investigation of ultrasound assisted desulfurization of liquid fuels. The results and analysis presented in this thesis have brought forth some crucial links and interactions between the individual mechanisms of different desulfurization techniques that eventually result in enhancement of the process. These mechanistic insights not only give important input for further research in this area but also form important guidelines for optimization and scale-up of the process. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Jin
Xiao
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|
Author
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Yanbing
Zhang
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URL
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|
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Publication
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Energy
& Fuels
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Date
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February
16, 2016
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Abstract
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NH3-reducing
desulfurization was demonstrated using a high-sulfur coke calcining
desulfurization experiment at 1000 °C. The sulfur chemical reactions of the
three aromaticities of thiophene were examined during desulfurization.
Results revealed that NH3-reducing desulfurization can significantly remove
sulfur in coke.
The best operation temperature was approximately 800 °C, at which more than 80% of organic sulfur could be removed. The physical and chemical indicators of petroleum coke after desulfurization were not affected. Thermodynamic calculation results showed that the desulfurization reaction was more favorable at higher temperatures. However, the reaction was also affected by other factors. Consequently, the desulfurization efficiency decreased when the desulfurization temperature exceeded 800 °C. |
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Type
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Journal
Article
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Author
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Jiao
J. Zhang
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Author
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Li
P. Shen
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URL
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Pages
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0263617415623442
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Publication
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Adsorption
Science & Technology
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Date
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2016-01-12
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Abstract
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Describes
fabrication of MnxOy, CoxOy, and MnxOy-CoxOy supported on activated carbon
(AC) adsorbents. Characterization results demonstrate that Mn is present in
the form of Mn3+ and Mn4+, and Co is present in the form of Co2+ and Co3+.
For all of the modified samples, the functional groups of the AC were well
retained and the specific surface areas followed the order: AC >
MnxOy-CoxOy/AC > Co3O4/AC > MnxOy/AC.
For MnxOy-CoxOy/AC, Mn and Co mainly exist in the forms of MnO2, Co3O4, and Mn3Co2O8. MnxOy-CoxOy/AC was found to exhibit the best H2S desulfurization performance. At 20℃, the breakthrough time and saturated adsorption time were 115 min and 185 min, and the saturated sulfur capacity and desulfurization rate were 347.7 mg/g and 74.2%. The H2S removal capacities of the different adsorbents decreased in the order: MnxOy-CoxOy/AC > MnxOy/AC > CoxOy/AC > AC. |
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Type
|
Journal
Article
|
|
Author
|
Kunyue
Leng
|
|
Author
|
Yinyong
Sun
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|
URL
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|
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Volume
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174
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|
Pages
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9-16
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Publication
|
Fuel
|
|
Date
|
June
15, 2016
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|
Abstract
|
Researchers
fabricated Ti-modified hierarchical mordenites (Ti/MM) using tetrabutyl
orthotitanate (TBOT) as the precursor of Ti species by incipient wetness
impregnation technique. The introduced Ti species were located outside the
micropores in mordenite due to the large molecular size of TBOT. As a result,
the active Ti species over hierarchical mordenites are easily accessible. The
catalytic results suggested that Ti/MM were highly active ODS catalysts in
the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene due to rich
mesoporosity.
The sulfur removal content over a Ti-modified hierarchical mordenite (Ti/MM-0.5) with relatively large mesopore volume reached 98.6% after a reaction time of 120 min at 333 K by using H2O2 as oxidant, which is nearly four times as that over Ti-modified conventional mordenite. Accordingly, the sulfur content in model fuel was reduced from 1000 ppmw to 14 ppmw. These results indicated that Ti-modified hierarchical mordenite with rich accessible Ti sites and low cost has potential applications for ODS of transportation fuels. |
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Type
|
Journal
Article
|
|
Author
|
Guang
Miao
|
|
Author
|
Dishun
Huang
|
|
URL
|
|
|
Volume
|
192
|
|
Pages
|
72-79
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|
Publication
|
Applied
Catalysis B: Environmental
|
|
Date
|
September
5, 2016
|
|
Abstract
|
Describes
a novel visible-light induced photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS)
approach using BiVO4/C3N4@SiO2 with air/cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) under
ambient conditions. Researchers prepared a series of BiVO4/C3N4@SiO2
photocatalysts using a hydrothermal method. PODS tests were conducted in a
Xenon lamp built-in batch reactor. The dibenzothiophene conversion of the
PODS system reached up to 99%.
BiVO4/C3N4@SiO2 showed high vis-photocatalytic activity due to the effective charge separation of BiVO4/C3N4 and small particle size of BiVO4. Additional air flow was demonstrated to effectively enhance PODS kinetics of BiVO4/C3N4@SiO2 with CHP, which may be ascribed to the accelerated ROO generation by air with R radical for DBT oxidation. Mixing silica gel with BiVO4/C3N4@SiO2 as a hybrid adsorbent under photocatalytic adsorptive desulfurization (PADS) showed a dramatically enhanced desulfurization capacity (7.2 mg/g) compared to that under sole ADS. The integrated PADS system can be particularly suitable for s single-stage desulfurization for low-sulfur fuel production under visible light at ambient conditions. |
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