Nano ZnO

"Nanu nanu" (Goodbye) Mork & Mindy, American sitcom broadcast from 1978 until 1982 on ABC
OK, nanu is not nano, but isn’t that a great quote? I loved that show. But now to business.

Today’s keyword is: nano ZnO. Why? Well, if you’re interested in the problem of desulfurizing the fuel steam to a fuel cell, this search string will help you out.

Here, for your browsing pleasure, is a sample of results from Googling® nano ZnO.

The preparation and desulfurization of nano-size ZnO by a matrix-assisted method for the removal of low concentration of sulfur compounds
You Jin Leea, No-Kuk Parka, Gi Bo Hana, Si Ok Ryua, Tae Jin Leea, , and Chih Hung Changb
aNational Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
Received 28 July 2006; revised 13 November 2006; accepted 27 April 2007. Available online 1 October 2007.
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-particles have been synthesized by a matrix-assisted method with various precursors. An activated carbon was used as a matrix and zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, and zinc chloride were selected as precursors. The ZnO nano-particles appeared to be either spherical or elliptical shapes when zinc acetate and zinc nitrate were used as precursors, while those particles became irregular in their shapes when zinc chloride was used as a precursor. The products were characterized by using TGA, XRD, BET, TEM and SEM. A nano-size ZnO was formulated for the effective removal of a very low concentration of sulfur compounds (H2S, COS) contained in a gasified fuel gas and their reactivity was also investigated in this study. Zinc acetate was the best precursor for the formulation of the ZnO nano-particles in the experiment. The size of the formulated ZnO nano-particles was in the range of 10–30 nm and its surface area was about 40.7 m2/g. From TGA (thermal gravity analysis) test, it was found that its sulfur capacity was about 9.27 g S/100 g-sorbent for H2S and 0.56 g S/100 g-sorbent for COS and its initial sulfur absorption rates with H2S and COS absorption were about 257.5 mg S/min • 100 g-sorbent and 15.6 mg S/min • 100 g-sorbent, respectively. Their reactivity increased as their sizes became smaller and their surface areas of the sorbents were larger. Most prepared nano-size ZnO showed an excellent performance for the removal of not only H2S but also COS.
Keywords: Nano-size ZnO; Desulfurization; Matrix-assisted method
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W7T-4PT0Y5G-B&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1282139993&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=561e9d6712ec1b37f3f85b19717cb723
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NanoTech Conference & Expo
June 21-25, 2010
Anaheim, CA
High-temperature Desulfurization with Nanosize ZnO
T.C. Wang, H.Y. Kang, H.P. Wang, J.G. Jou, J.L. Wei
National Cheng Kung University, TW
Keywords: desulfurization, nanosize ZnO, XANES, EXAFS
Abstract:
Thermal efficiencies of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process can be enhanced with high-temperature desulfurization. Nanosize, sub-nano (clusters) and atomic-dispersed ZnO has been prepared for the high-temperature desulfurization. An enhanced absorbance of the nanosize ZnO at 9668 eV is found by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (Figure 1). ZnO clusters are also observed in the channels of MCM-41. By temperature programmed sulfurization (TPS) and oxidization (TPO), it is found that the nanosize ZnO can be effectively sulfurized and regenerated (with air) at 940-950 K (Figure 2). The smaller ZnO clusters in MCM-41 can be sulfurized at relatively lower temperatures (700-820 K). The atomic dispersed ZnO on TiO2 having the strong metal-support interactions cannot be sulfurized at the temperature of < 960 K, and interestingly, regenerated at much lower temperatures (i.e., <650 K). It seems that the nanosize or atomic dispersed ZnO may be desired for the high-temperature desulfurization especially for a high efficiency IGCC based electric power generation.
source: http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/a.html?i=586
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ChemCatChem
Volume 2 Issue 4, Pages 459 - 466
Published Online: 8 Feb 2010
Oxidative Desulfurization of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds over Titanosilicates
Guohua Gao, Prof. *, Shifu Cheng, Ying An, Xiaojuan Si, Xianlei Fu, Yueming Liu, Haijiao Zhang, Peng Wu, Ming-Yuan He
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21-62233323
email: Guohua Gao (ghgao@chem.ecnu.edu.cn)
*Correspondence to Guohua Gao, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21-62233323
Funded by:
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
China University of Petroleum
973 Project; Grant Number: 2006CB202508
Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project; Grant Number: B409
Keywords
desulfurization • oxidation • silicates • thiophenes • titanium
Abstract
The application of several titanosilicates to the oxidation of aromatic sulfur compounds such as thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene with H2O2 under mild conditions is reported. Superior to other titanosilicates, Ti-MWW demonstrates a higher activity for the oxidation of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene owing to the unique pore structure of the MWW topology. The effects of solvent, temperature, catalyst amount, and H2O2/S ratio on the oxidation of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over this catalyst are studied in detail. The catalyst is also applied to the oxidative desulfurization of commercial diesel. The sulfur compounds in the commercial diesel were oxidized to the corresponding sulfones, which could be readily extracted by acetonitrile, resulting in a maximum sulfur removal of 88 % .
source: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123276443/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
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Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
Early View (Articles online in advance of print)
Published Online: 9 Mar 2010
Review
Oxidative processes of desulfurization of liquid fuels
J.M. Campos-Martin *, M.C. Capel-Sanchez, P. Perez-Presas, J.L.G. Fierro
Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. http://www.icp.csic.es/eac/
email: J.M. Campos-Martin (j.m.campos@icp.csic.es)
*Correspondence to J.M. Campos-Martin, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Keywords
oxidative desulfurization • biodesulfurization • liquid phase • catalysis • clean fuels • selective oxidation
Abstract
Environmental concerns have introduced a need to remove sulfur-containing compounds from light oil. As oxidative desulfurization is conducted under very mild reaction conditions, much attention has recently been devoted to this process. In this contribution, the developments in selective removal of organosulfur compounds present in liquid fuels via oxidative desulfurization, including both chemical oxidation and biodesulfurization, are reviewed. At the end of each section, a brief account of the research directions needed in this field is also included. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
source: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123308749/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
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