Winter of our great content: Recent Diesel Articles

Now is the winter of our discontent

Made glorious summer by this sun of York

William Shakespeare.- Richard III (1.1.1)

Below is a handful of recent diesel articles.  I found them by browsing through results from a Google® Scholar search.

The Google Advanced Scholar search string:

Diesel [in title]

Published between dates: 2011-2012

The titles shown here are all available in full text at no charge.  There are lots more articles with interesting looking titles and abstracts, but all of them require either a subscription or an online purchase.

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FREE FULL TEXT DIESEL ARTICLES

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Transactions of the ASABE. 2011 Mar-Apr, v. 54, no. 2, p. 571-579.

Specific Gravity and API Gravity of Biodiesel and Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Blends.

Dunn, R.O.
USDA, ARS

The present study addresses the need to develop a better understanding of how blending biodiesel with ULSD affects specific gravity (SG).

Free Full Text Source: http://hdl.handle.net/10113/49609

Army Tank Automotive Research Development And Engineering Center Report, 09 AUG 2011

Accession Number : ADA547468

Military Fuel and Alternative Fuel Effects on a Modern Diesel Engine Employing a Fuel-Lubricated High Pressure Common Rail Fuel Injection System

Brandt, Adam C. ; Muzzell, Patsy A. ; Sattler, Eric R. ; Likos, William

Army Tank Automotive Research Development And Engineering Center Warren Mi

A large number of current commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) diesel engines available to the U.S. Military employ High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) fuel injection systems. Overall performance and endurance of these HPCR systems has the potential to vary with use of military or alternative fuels.

Free Full Text Source: http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA547468

PTQ-Petroleum Technology Quarterly, 2011 Q2

Modeling for ULSD optimization

Klas Dahlgren Apex Optimisation/Dynaproc

An Rigden Chevron Henrik Terndrup Apex Optimisation

On-line coordination and optimization of refinery process units led to a 10% increase in middle distillate production. Day-to-day operation of the two downstream HTUs is challenging as throughput has to be maximized subject to a variety of process constraints

Free Full Text Source: http://www.apex-opt.com/content/documents/The%20Story%20of%20ULSD%20Optimisation.pdf

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2011, 1, 65-71

Case Study of Biodiesel-Diesel Blends as a Fuel in Marine Environment

Tianxi Zhang1, Yapeng Chao1, Nan Liu1, Joe Thompson2, Manuel Garcia1, Brian B. He2, Jon Van Gerpen2, Shulin Chen1*

chens@wsu.edu

1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

2Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA

Formation of insoluble material in biodiesel blends has drawn great attention as it causes clogging of filters. One reason that blends-containing biodiesel is prone to formation of insoluble material is the relatively high temperature of crystallization (or solidification) compared to petro-diesel.

Free Full Text Source: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=4612

Fuel, 30 September 2011 (Uncorrected proof)

Diesel engine gaseous and particle emissions fueled with diesel–oxygenate blends

Xiangang Wang a, C.S. Cheung b, Yage Di a,b, Zuohua Huang a,⇑

a State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China

b Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, PR China

It is difficult using traditional methods to simultaneously reduce NOx and PM in diesel engine due to the existing of trade-off curve between NOx and PM. One possible method to solve this issue is to use oxygenated fuels or to blend oxygenated fuels with diesel to provide sufficient oxygen and promote combustion and decrease emissions.

Free Full Text Source: http://gr.xjtu.edu.cn:8080/upload/PUB.1643.4/JFUE+5553.pdf

PATENT

Hydrotreating and hydrocracking process and apparatus

Patent number: 8002967

Issue date: Aug 23, 2011

Application number: 12/067,611

Inventors: Michael Glenn Hunter, Angelica Hidalgo Vivas, Lars Skov Jensen, Gordon Gongngai Low

Original Assignee: Haldor Topsøe A/S

Partial conversion hydrocracking process comprising the steps of (a) hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock with a hydrogenrich gas to produce a hydrotreated effluent stream comprising a liquid/vapor mixture and separating the liquid/vapor mixture into a liquid phase and a vapor phase, and (b) separating the liquid phase into a controlled liquid portion and an excess liquid portion, and (c) combining the vapor phase with the excess liquid portion to form a vapor plus liquid portion, and (d) separating an FCC feed-containing fraction from the controlled liquid portion and simultaneously hydrocracking the vapor plus liquid portion to produce a dieselcontaining fraction, or hydrocracking the controlled liquid portion to produce a diesel-containing fraction and simultaneously separating a FCC feed-containing fraction from the vapor plus liquid portion. The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the partial conversion hydrocracking process.

Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2011, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1965-1969

Synthesis and Evaluation of Stearic Acid Derivatives as Cetane Number Improvers

Ambadas B. Rode, H. Thajudeen, Keunwoo Chung,† Young-Wun Kim,† and In Seok Hong*

ishong@kongju.ac.kr

Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Chungnam 314-701, Korea.*

†Green Chemistry Research Division, Surfactant and Lubricant Research Team, KRICT, Daejeon 305-600, Korea

The cetane number (CN) measures the readiness of the fuel to auto-ignite when injected into an engine. It is one of the most important properties to specify the ignition quality of any fuel for internal combustion engines. An increase in CN decreases the delay time between fuel injection and ignition. Shorter ignition delay times have been directly correlated with a faster startup in cold weather, reduced NOx and particulate matter emissions from diesel engines, and smoother engine operation.1,2

Free Full Text Source: http://newjournal.kcsnet.or.kr/main/j_search/j_download.htm?code=B110623

2011 Ndia Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering And Technology Symposium

Power And Mobility (P&M) Mini-Symposium, August 9-11 Dearborn, Michigan

Autoignition Characteristics Of Low Cetane Number Jp-8 And Approaches For Improved Operation In Military Diesel Engines

Naeim Henein, PhD

Walter Bryzik, Ph.D.

Chandrasekharan Jayakumar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI

Eric R. Sattler

Nicholas C. Johnson

Nichole K. Hubble

U.S. Army RDECOM –TARDEC, Warren, MI

Problems resulting from the use of low-Cetane Number (CN) JP-8 in military diesel engines are mainly caused by the poor autoignition quality of the fuel that requires a long period between the start of injection and the start of combustion. A detailed analysis of the processes which occur during the ignition delay period clearly shows that the start of combustion is preceded by a long period where the Low Temperature (LT) combustion chemistry (cool flame) prevails in which the rates of burning are very limited.

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA547470

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By the way, the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) is also free … and it’s a great way to keep abreast of desulfurization technology AND effective online search tips.  Bookmark it, follow it, add it to your Intranet.

Journal Alert: PTQ (Petroleum Technology Quarterly)

"The storm had now definitely abated, and what thunder there was now grumbled over more distant hills, like a man saying "And another thing…" twenty minutes after admitting he's lost the argument." From: So Long, and Thanks for all the Fish, By Douglas Adams

The articles in PTQ-Petroleum Technology Quarterly (www.eptq.com) occupy a middle ground between cutting edge research and hands-on how-to.  The articles are clearly written, well illustrated, and long enough to provide enough detail to give a clear picture of the practical application of the latest proven technologies.

Bookmark the ePTQ site.

And, when you read an article of interest, add key words to your list, to help you research your significant topics on Google, Yahoo!, ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, et al.

Key words I culled from a recent PTQ article … described below … include:

·         shell global solutions

·         HD tray

·         UFQ - Ultra Flat Quench

·         single-state enhanced aromatics saturation

·         SRO - selective ring opening

Here are excerpts from that article …

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PTQ - Catalysis (Vol. 16 No. 2, 2011)

Beyond ULSD

Developments in Catalyst and Internals Technologies Exploit the Flexibility of the ULSD Unit

David Casey, Salvatore P. Torrisi, Lawrence Kraus and John Smegal (Criterion Catalysts & Technologies)

Yvonne Lucas and Aris Macris (Shell Global Solutions)

David Casey is EMEA Technical Manager, Naphtha and Distillates, for CRI/Criterion Catalyst Company Ltd.

Salvatore P. Torrisi Jr. is Business Manager, Distillate Catalysts, for Criterion Catalysts & Technologies

John Smegal is Senior Research Chemist - Hydroprocessing, for Criterion Catalysts & Technologies

Lawrence Kraus works in Clean Fuels Projects, for Criterion Catalysts & Technologies

Yvonne Lucas is Licensing Technology Manager, Refining for Shell Global Solutons International BV

Acris Macris works in Licensing Technology, for Shell Global Solutons(US) Inc.

"The technical challenge, however, will be to maximize this volume while simultaneously meeting the increased fuel quality requirements, particularly the specifications for sulphur, boiling point, density, cetane and cold flow properties.  The good news, and the subject of this article, is that ULSD can act as an enabler for further upgrading."

"ULSD Chemistry: Good Match with Diesel Upgrading

“There are two key elements of ULSD that make diesel upgrading easier when compared with the older low-sulphur diesel (LSD) operation: a richer hydrogenation environment and a cleaner product that is devoid of most sulphur and nitorgen species.  Both of these factors promote aromatic saturation, ring opening, isomerization and cracking reactons.

"This improved operating environment can then be leveraged in a number of different ways to capture a range of upgrading opportunities.  There are two key enablers for implementing these upgrading opportunities: high-activity ULSD catalysts and reactor process technology, both of which are required to implement the additional chemistries."

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And another thing … remember to look at the author names for possible additions to your personal list of experts.

Jean Steinhardt is an expert online researcher, offering a continuing series of tips and tricks that can help you and your colleagues with your online research.  Ask your IT people to add a feed of the Desulfurization Blog (www.desulf.blogspot.com) to your organization’s Intranet.