I found the following article, thanks to a Google® Scholar alert I set up a
couple of years ago. The abstract makes the article look interesting in itself.
The abstract also suggests keywords for further Googling.
Here is the abstract …
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A new simple protocol for the synthesis of nanohybrid
catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene
Environmental Science and
Pollution Research (2019)
Published: 11 December 2019
Mahboube Ghahramaninezhad & Ali Ahmadpour
Author information
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University
of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91779-48944, Mashhad, Iran.
ahmadpour@um.ac.ir
Abstract
This study offers an investigation of the catalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2
during oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of a model fuel that includes
dibenzothiophene (DBT), using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a green oxidant in
the absence of UV irradiation. For the first time, though a novel and simple
protocol, TiO2/SiO2 nanohybrid was synthesized using ascorbic acid and glycerol
as green complexing and polymerizing agents, respectively. The TiO2/SiO2
catalyst was thoroughly characterized by XRD, FT-IR, nitrogen
adsorption-desorption measurements, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. Results revealed a
high catalytic oxidative activity for the catalyst in the removal of DBT
regarding sulfur removal up to 99.4% within 20 min under optimum reaction
conditions. The main factors affecting the ODS process, including catalyst
dosage, temperature, O/S molar ratio, and different oxidizing agents, were
evaluated to identify optimum conditions. The desulfurization efficiency of the
recoverable catalysts showed no loss in activity after four times. The present
article suggests a new and green method for the synthesis and characterization
of an efficient catalyst (TiO2/SiO2) in deep oxidative desulfurization at 25 °C
and removal of refractory organosulfur compounds that yield ultra-low sulfur
fuels. Also, it proved to have a much higher catalytic oxidation capacity when
compared to pure TiO2.
source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-019-07048-z
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TIP: Squeeze
a little bit more juice out of this abstract. Google®: oxidative desulfurization nanohybrid
One result is an open access article, meaning you can read the full text
without charge …
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[ EXCERPTS ]
A Comprehensive Review on Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization
of Liquid Fuel Oil
Article (PDF
Available) in Catalysts · March 2019 with 190 Reads
DOI: 10.3390/catal9030229
Muhammad Nobi Hossain & Hoon Chae Park
Yonsei University
Abstract
The production of green fuel oil is of the utmost importance for
maintaining a healthy life and environment in the current world. Effective and
complete removal of sulfur refractory compounds (such as
4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and other alkyl-substituted thiophene derivatives)
from fuel oil is essential to meet the new requirements of sulfur standards.
Several techniques have been proposed for desulfurization of fuel oil, such as
hydrodesulfurization (HDS), selective adsorption, extractive distillation,
biodesulfurization, and oxidative desulfurization (ODS).The removal of sulfur
by the HDS process requires higher investment costs, high reaction temperature
(up to 400 ◦C), and high pressure (up to 100 atm) reactors. On the other hand,
studies have shown that the ODS process is remarkably successful in the removal
of sulfur under mild reaction conditions. This review article presents a
comparative analysis of various existing catalytic oxidation techniques:acetic
acid/formic acid catalytic oxidation, heteropolyacid (HPA) catalytic oxidation,
ionic liquid catalytic oxidation, molecular sieve catalytic oxidation,
polyoxometalates catalytic oxidation, titanium catalytic oxidation, and
ultrasound-assisted oxidation systems, as well as discusses research gaps,and
proposes important recommendations for future challenges.
Conclusions, Future Challenges, and Recommendations
Hydrodesulfurization is a well-established and conventional technique
used in oil refinery industries. However, it involves certain constraints, such
as higher investment costs. In order to meet the new standards specified for
sulfur, the HDS process needs to perform under high reaction conditions, such
as high temperature (~400 C), high pressure (~100 atm), and in a large reaction
vessel, which raises the amount of investment costs. Therefore, newer
techniques, such as extractive desulfurization, biodesulfurization, extraction
with ionic liquids, selective adsorption, and oxidative desulfurization have
been proposed in addition, or as alternatives, to HDS. Amongst these
alternative methods, the oxidative desulfurization process has received more
attention due to its mild operating condition and high sulfur removal
efficiency. However, there still exists many issues with the ODS process, such
as high loading of the oxidizing agent, deactivation of the catalyst,
increasing investment costs with increasing sulfur concentration in the
feedstock, and waste management of the oxidized sulfur compounds. Several
initiatives have been proposed to address these drawbacks found in the ODS
method, which include developing a cost effective, high efficiency, and
recyclable catalyst, and developing an environment friendly and cheap oxidizing
agent. Eventually, to meet the revised sulfur standards recommended by USEPA
and the public demand for safer fuels, effective catalytic oxidative
desulfurization of fuel oil is required by improvising the ODS process with
technological innovations. Until now, the hydrotreating activity of different
oxidative catalysts is limited to model sulfur compounds with short chains. On
the contrary, the catalyst’s activity in the case of real feedstock with heavy
sulfur compounds would vary from the model feedstock, which has not yet been
studied in-depth. Therefore, another challenge that remains for researchers is
to examine the application of the catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization of
real feedstock of heavy oil, such as waste tire pyrolysis oil. Besides these
challenges, the more critical challenge is the commercialization of the
catalytic oxidative desulfurization process due to some major obstacles, such
as low selectivity for the sulfides present in fuel feedstock, recovery, and
separation of the used catalysts after the reaction.
Free full text source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331486586_A_Comprehensive_Review_on_Catalytic_Oxidative_Desulfurization_of_Liquid_Fuel_Oil
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