Wednesday, August 24, 2011

What’s It All About? Exploring Cited Articles

“Each has his past shut in him like the leaves of a book known to him by heart and his friends can only read the title -- Virginia Woolf (English Modernist Writer, 1882-1941)

Have you ever browsed through a list of cited articles and wished you knew the titles of said articles?  Today’s tip: Google® the citation.  The usual result will be the title and an abstract of the article, as well as a convenient way to purchase it.

Here is an example, taken from the list of references in the following thesis …

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Anode materials for sour natrual gas solid oxide fuel cells
Danilovic, Nemanja
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Engineering
Department:  Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta
Issue Date:  2-Feb-2010 
Abstract: 
Novel anode catalysts have been developed for sour natural gas solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Sour natural gas comprises light hydrocarbons, and typically also contains H2S. An alternative fuel SOFC that operates directly on sour natural gas would reduce the overall cost of plant construction and operation for fuel cell power generation. The anode for such a fuel cell must have good catalytic and electrocatalytic activity for hydrocarbon conversion, sulfur-tolerance, resistance to coking, and good electronic and ionic conductivity. The catalytic activity and stability of ABO3 (A= La, Ce and/or Sr, B=Cr and one or more of Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, or Co) perovskites as SOFC anode materials depends on both A and B, and are modified by substituents. The materials have been prepared by both solid state and wet-chemical methods. The physical and chemical characteristics of the materials have been fully characterized using electron microscopy, XRD, calorimetry, dilatometry, particle size and area, using XPS and TGA-DSC-MS. Electrochemical performance was determined using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic cell testing, electrochemical impedance analysis, and conductivity measurements. Neither Ce0.9Sr0.1VO3 nor Ce0.9Sr0.1Cr0.5V0.5O3 was an active anode for oxidation of H2 and CH4 fuels. However, active catalysts comprising Ce0.9Sr0.1V(O,S)3 and Ce0.9Sr0.1Cr0.5V0.5(O,S)3 were formed when small concentrations of H2S were present in the fuels. The oxysulfides formed in-situ were very active for conversion of H2S. The maximum performance improved from 50 mW cm−2 to 85 mW cm−2 in 0.5% H2S/CH4 at 850 oC with partial substitution of V by Cr in Ce0.9Sr0.1V(O,S)3 . Selective conversion of H2S offers potential for sweetening of sour gas without affecting the hydrocarbons. Perovskites La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5X0.5O3−δ, (henceforth referred to as LSCX, X=Ti, Mn, Fe, Co) are active for conversion of H2, CH4 and 0.5% H2S/CH4. The order of activity in the different fuels depends on the substituent element: CH4, X=Fe>Mn>Ti; H2,X = Fe>Mn>Ti; and 0.5% H2S/CH4, X = Fe>Ti>Mn. The electrocatalytic activity for methane oxidation in a fuel cell correlates with ex-situ temperature programmed catalytic activity. A process is proposed to explain the difference in catalyst order and enhanced activities in H2S/CH4 as fuel compared to CH4 alone. The maximum power density of 250 mW cm−2 was attained using a fuel cell with a composite anode, LSCFe-GDC | YSZ(0.3 mm) | Pt, operated at 850 oC (GDC is Ce0.9Gd0.1O3, a good mixed conductor under reducing conditions).
Source: http://repository.library.ualberta.ca/dspace/handle/10048/1008
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Among the references in the thesis …
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T. Nakamura, G. Petzow, L. Gauckler, J. Mater. Res. Bul., 14 (1979) 649-659
Copy the cite, then paste it into the Google search box …
Google search string :
T. Nakamura, G. Petzow, L. Gauckler, J. Mater. Res. Bul., 14 (1979) 649-659

The Google search results include the following title and abstract …
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Materials Research Bulletin
Volume 14, Issue 5, May 1979, Pages 649-659

Stability of the perovskite phase LaBO3 (B = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in reducing atmosphere I. Experimental results
Tetsurō Nakamura , a, G. Petzowa and L.J. Gaucklera
aMax-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften, Pulvermetallurgisches Laboratorium Heisenbergstrasse 5, D-7000 Stuttgart-80 Germany
Communicated by M. Nakahira. 
Abstract
The chemical stability of perovskites LaBO3 where B = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni was studied by thermogravimetry at 1000°C in gas mixtures of

 at 1 bar.
The stability limits of the perovskite phases expressed in terms of -log Po2(Po2 = critical oxygen partial pressure in bar) were for LaCrO3 and LaVO3(greater than 21.1), LaFeO3 (16.95), LaMnO3 (15.05), LaCoO3 (7.0) and for LaNiO3 (0.6). The changes in standard enthalpy ΔH° and entropy ΔS° of the following reactions were obtained.
 Present Address: Research Laboratory of Engineering Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152, Japan
 Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0025540879900485
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