Energy Technology Data Exchange

Explore the Energy Technology Data Exchange (https://www.etde.org/) for useful desulfurization data. In the words of the ETDE website ...

“The Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE), an international energy information exchange agreement formed in 1987 under the International Energy Agency (IEA). ETDE's mission is “To provide governments, industry and the research community in the member countries with access to the widest range of information on energy research, science and technology and to increase dissemination of this information to developing countries.”

“ETDE World Energy Base or ETDEWEB is our Internet tool for disseminating the energy research and technology information that we collect and exchange. It also includes a federated searching option for one-stop searching of related science sites. Users in member countries and many developing countries have access privileges to ETDE's information”

Searching the site for “desulfurization” results in a number of hits, including those listed below …

Self-sustained operation of a kW{sub e}-class kerosene-reforming processor for solid oxide fuel cells
Yoon, Sangho; Bae, Joongmyeon; Kim, Sunyoung [Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea)]; Yoo, Young-Sung [Renewable Energy Research Group, Strategic Technology Laboratory, Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation, 103-16 Munji-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejon 305-380 (Korea)]
2009 Jul 15
Journal of Power Sources; Journal Volume: 192; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
page(s) 360-366
English
Abstract
In this paper, fuel-processing technologies are developed for application in residential power generation (RPG) in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Kerosene is selected as the fuel because of its high hydrogen density and because of the established infrastructure that already exists in South Korea. A kerosene fuel processor with two different reaction stages, autothermal reforming (ATR) and adsorptive desulfurization reactions, is developed for SOFC operations. ATR is suited to the reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels because oxygen-aided reactions can break the aromatics in the fuel and steam can suppress carbon deposition during the reforming reaction. ATR can also be implemented as a self-sustaining reactor due to the exothermicity of the reaction. The kW{sub e} self-sustained kerosene fuel processor, including the desulfurizer, operates for about 250 h in this study. This fuel processor does not require a heat exchanger between the ATR reactor and the desulfurizer or electric equipment for heat supply and fuel or water vaporization because a suitable temperature of the ATR reformate is reached for H{sub 2}S adsorption on the ZnO catalyst beds in desulfurizer. Although the CH{sub 4} concentration in the reformate gas of the fuel processor is higher due to the lower temperature of ATR tail gas, SOFCs can directly use CH{sub 4} as a fuel with the addition of sufficient steam feeds (H{sub 2}O/CH{sub 4} {>=} 1.5), in contrast to low-temperature fuel cells. The reforming efficiency of the fuel processor is about 60%, and the desulfurizer removed H{sub 2}S to a sufficient level to allow for the operation of SOFCs.
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Challenges for renewable hydrogen production
Levin, D.B. [Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg, MB (Canada). Dept. of Biosystems Engineering; Hydrogen Canada H2CAN Strategic Research Network, Ottawa, ON (Canada)]; Chahine, R. [Quebec Univ., Trois-Rivieres, PQ (Canada). Institut de recherche sur l'hydrogene; Hydrogen Canada H2CAN Strategic Research Network, Ottawa, ON (Canada)]
Research Org: Univ. of Ontario Inst. of Technology, Oshawa, ON (Canada); Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada); International Hydrogen Energy Association, Coral Gables, FL (United States)
2009 Jul 01
Language: English
Abstract
Hydrogen is now in demand for heavy oil upgrading, desulfurization, and petroleum upgrading processes. Hydrogen production will be needed on a massive scale if it is to be used as a transportation and portable power fuel. This study examined methods of producing hydrogen using renewable energy sources derived from agricultural and other waste streams. Use of these materials offers the possibility of contributing to hydrogen production without the creation of additional greenhouse gases (GHGs) and may also increase the flexibility and economics of distributed and centralized reforming processes. The study showed that electrolysis, thermocatalytic, and biological hydrogen production methods can be easily adapted to semi-centralized reforming procedures. A distributed network of on-site production facilities may provide a cost-effective refueling infrastructure. However, conversion efficiencies, and purification and storage technologies will need to be improved before the methods are widely adopted. It was concluded that a new national strategic network has been established in Canada to study issues related to hydrogen purification, storage, infrastructure.
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Conversion of Claus plants of Kurkuk-Iraq to produce hydrogen and sulfur
Naman, S.A.; Veziroglu, A. [Duhok Univ., Duhok City (Iraq). Dept. of Chemistry; International Association for Hydrogen Energy, Miami, FL (United States)]
Research Org: Univ. of Ontario Inst. of Technology, Oshawa, ON (Canada); Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada); International Hydrogen Energy Association, Coral Gables, FL (United States)
Publication Date: 2009 Jul 01
Language: English
Abstract
Two Claus plants in Kirkuk, Iraq, convert hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur at a capacity of 2,200 tons/day. One of the plants is working at a capacity of only 400 tons/day with an old Claus process. The other uses a modified Claus sulfur recovery process with a capacity of 1800 tons/day. Both of the plants operate with low efficiency due to lack of maintenance. As such, the agricultural area surrounding Kirkuk is highly polluted. This paper described 2 pilot desulphurization plants that have been constructed inside the modified Claus plant. The first pilot plant is based on the flow system tube furnace reactor containing mixed titanium oxide/sulfide with a cold trap for sulfur separation and a bath of 30 per cent dithanolamine to separate and recycle hydrogen sulphide (H{sub 2}S) from hydrogen. The second pilot plant consists of a thermal diffusion ceramic rod inside a silica column containing zeolite 5A as a catalyst. This pilot plant also consists of a trap for continuous separation of sulfur and a system for separation of hydrogen from unreacted H{sub 2}S to recycle. The efficiency of conversion of H{sub 2}S to hydrogen and sulfur has been optimized as a function of catalyst type and mixture, temperature of furnace, flow rate of gas and reactor materials. The pilot plants were suitable with cadmium chalcogens catalysts to produce hydrogen, methane, ethane and sulphur, but with lower efficiency than H{sub 2}S decomposition only. The goal for the second pilot plant was to supply the heat using a solar energy concentrator instead of electricity. It was concluded that a hydrogen production plant in this part of Iraq will save a large area from polluted sulfur gas. The pilot plants can produce about 140 tons of hydrogen gas per day from these waste gases.
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Effect of middle distillates' properties on their reactivity in ultra low hydrodesulfurization
Stratiev, Dicho [Research and Development Dept., Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas, Bourgas (Bulgaria)]
Publication Date: 2009 Jun 15
Journal: Oil, Gas (Hamburg); Journal Volume: 35; Journal Issue: 2
page(s) 90-93
Language: English
Abstract
Ultra low hydrodesulfurization of straight run and conversion middle distillates and mixtures thereof was carried out on a high performance commercial Co-Mo catalyst in a trickle bed pilot plant with the aim to develop a correlation that predicts hydrogenate sulfur from physical and chemical properties of the feedstock. It was found that by using a 1.5 order kinetic model the rate constants correlate with total sulfur, dibenzothiophenes, total nitrogen, total aromatics and poly nuclear aromatics content and the content of the material boiling above 340 C (according to simulation distillation ASTM D-2887 of the middle distillate). The correlation proved to accurately predict the hydrogenate sulfur in a Lukoil Neftochim Bulgaria (LNB) refinery hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit. The correlation could be applied for optimization of production of near zero sulfur diesel (NZSD) in a refinery. (orig.)
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CO2 Sequestration in Cell Biomass of Chlorobium Thiosulfatophilum
James L. Gaddy, PhD; Ching-Whan Ko, PhD
2009 May 04
Report Number(s): DOE/ER/83907-3
Language: English
Abstract
World carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels have increased at a rate of about 3 percent per year during the last 40 years to over 24 billion tons today. While a number of methods have been proposed and are under study for dealing with the carbon dioxide problem, all have advantages as well as disadvantages which limit their application. The anaerobic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum uses hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide to produce elemental sulfur and cell biomass. The overall objective of this project is to develop a commercial process for the biological sequestration of carbon dioxide and simultaneous conversion of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. The Phase I study successfully demonstrated the technical feasibility of utilizing this bacterium for carbon dioxide sequestration and hydrogen sulfide conversion to elemental sulfur by utilizing the bacterium in continuous reactor studies. Phase II studies involved an advanced research and development to develop the engineering and scale-up parameters for commercialization of the technology. Tasks include culture isolation and optimization studies, further continuous reactor studies, light delivery systems, high pressure studies, process scale-up, a market analysis and economic projections. A number of anaerobic and aerobic microorgansims, both non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic, were examined to find those with the fastest rates for detailed study to continuous culture experiments. C. thiosulfatophilum was selected for study to anaerobically produce sulfur and Thiomicrospira crunogena waws selected for study to produce sulfate non-photosynthetically. Optimal conditions for growth, H2S and CO2 comparison, supplying light and separating sulfur were defined. The design and economic projections show that light supply for photosynthetic reactions is far too expensive, even when solar systems are considered. However, the aerobic non-photosynthetic reaction to produce sulfate with T. crunogena produces a reasonable return when treating a sour gas stream of 120 million SCFD containing 2.5 percent H2S. In this case, the primary source of revenue is from desulfurization of the gas stream. While the technology has significant application in sequestering carbon dioxide in cell biomass or single cell proten (SCP), perhaps the most immediate application is in desulfurizing LGNG or other gas streams. This biological approach is a viable economical alternative to existing hydrogen sulfide removal technology, and is not sensitive to the presence of hydrocarbons which act as catalyst poisons.
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Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene based on molecular oxygen and iron phthalocyanine
Zhou, Xinrui; Li, Juan; Wang, Xiuna; Jin, Kun; Ma, Wei [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012 (China)]
2009 Feb 15
Resource Relation: Journal: Fuel Processing Technology; Journal Volume: 90; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Size/Format: Size: page(s) 317-323
Language: English
Abstract
Direct oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) based on molecular oxygen and iron tetranitrophthalocyanine (FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4}) catalyst was performed in hydrocarbon solvent under water-free condition for deep desulfurization. Conversion of DBT in decalin reached 98.7 wt.% at 100 C and 0.3 MPa of initial pressure with 1 wt.% of FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4} over the whole solution for 2 h. In addition to FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4}, another two catalysts, FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 3}NH{sub 2} and FePc(NH{sub 2}){sub 4}, were synthesized to investigate the effect of substituents of iron phthalocyanines on their catalytic activities. The results show that the catalytic activity of these phthalocyanines decreases in the order of FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4} > FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 3}NH{sub 2} > FePc(NH{sub 2}){sub 4}, indicating that the electron-donating group has negative effect on the catalytic properties. Activity of FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4} was kept unchanged after 5 runs of oxidation; whereas, activity of FePc(NH{sub 2}){sub 4} decreased because of its decomposition. Moreover, FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 3}NH{sub 2} was supported on a polyacrylic cationic exchange resin and its activity was remarkably enhanced to the level of FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4}. Oxidative desulfurization of a model fuel, 500 {mu}g/g solution of DBT in decalin, was performed based on the catalytic oxidation using molecular oxygen and FePc(NO{sub 2}){sub 4} catalyst. The lowest sulfur content in the model fuel could be decreased to less than 4 {mu}g/g after the treatment of this oxidation and a combined adsorption. (author)
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