“The global importance of the Middle East is that it keeps the Far East
and the Near East from encroaching on each other” -- Dan Quayle
(American 44th US Vice President under George Bush (1989-93). b.1947)
Thanks to my membership in the LinkedIn groups Petroleum Downstream and Heavy
Oil, I was alerted to the following two conferences …
\\\\\\\3rd Annual Global Refining Technology Forum///////
3rd Annual Global Refining Technology Forum will showcase
exciting presentations and case studies by the experts in the industry.
29th April 2013 till 1st May 2013
More Information: http://www.fleminggulf.com/conferenceview/3rd-Annual-Global-Refining-Technology-Forum/388?goback=%2Egmp_152320%2Egde_152320_member_211547942
\\\\\\\ Heavy Oil Latin America///////
Heavy Oil Latin America, September 24 - 26, 2013, International Convention Center, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Call for technical papers. Deadline to submit is March 1, 2013
More Information: http://heavyoillatinamerica.com/2013/?goback=%2Egde_1846215_member_189031002
TODAY’S TIP #1:
Join LinkedIn, if you haven’t already done so.
TODAY’S TIP #2:
Join a few groups. You can search the
the LinkedIn
Group Directory. Another
approach is to see what groups people in your network are following, and join
those that seem promising.
Friday, February 15, 2013
Friday, February 8, 2013
Hart Study: Refining Unconventional Oil
“It is clear our
nation is reliant upon big foreign oil. More and more of
our imports come from overseas.” -- George W. Bush (American 43rd US
President. b.1946)
Hart notified me of a new report several weeks ago, so you may already know about it, but if not, take a look. Here is what Hart has to say about the report on their Web …
///////
The Must-Read Unconventional Study Of 2012 Everyone Is Talking About: “Refining Unconventional Oil”
Why does everyone talk about the “Refining Unconventional Oil” study?
It foresees major industry trends
It navigates unprecedented market shifts with projections and analysis
It analyses the entire energy industry: upstream, midstream and downstream
It translates industry movements into business know-how
It defines what most of us cannot explain: the impact of unconventional oil production
Just to mention some study highlights:
Hart Energy found the nascent crude-by-rail industry is quickly establishing itself to offer producers coast-to-coast deliverability options
Crude-by-rail terminals exist in each of the five U.S. petroleum regions (PADDS)
Hart Energy expects more than 4.5 million barrels per day of crude-by-rail loading and offloading terminal capacity will be in service by 2016
Either augmenting or serving in lieu of fixed pipeline takeaway infrastructure, crude-by-rail terminals are being developed in each major U.S. oil-rich play
U.S. Crude-by-Rail Transloading Terminal Capacity
This latest report, Refining Unconventional Oil, uncovers future opportunities and developments in North America’s revitalized oil and gas industry.
Make business decisions based on independent research and comprehensive insights – get more information now!
Source: http://www.hartenergy.com/Upstream/Research-And-Consulting/Refining-Unconventional-Oil/?utm_source=sp&utm_medium=em&utm_campaign=5213523-December%2006,%202012&utm_term=RUO_All_126and12132012%20(1)&utm_content=558981&spMailingID=5213523&spUserID=MTYyODE2NTQ4MwS2&spJobID=60009574&spReportId=NjAwMDk1NzQS1
///////
TODAY’S TIP: Bookmark the Hart Energy site for future reference (http://www.hartenergy.com/).
Hart notified me of a new report several weeks ago, so you may already know about it, but if not, take a look. Here is what Hart has to say about the report on their Web …
///////
The Must-Read Unconventional Study Of 2012 Everyone Is Talking About: “Refining Unconventional Oil”
Why does everyone talk about the “Refining Unconventional Oil” study?
It foresees major industry trends
It navigates unprecedented market shifts with projections and analysis
It analyses the entire energy industry: upstream, midstream and downstream
It translates industry movements into business know-how
It defines what most of us cannot explain: the impact of unconventional oil production
Just to mention some study highlights:
Hart Energy found the nascent crude-by-rail industry is quickly establishing itself to offer producers coast-to-coast deliverability options
Crude-by-rail terminals exist in each of the five U.S. petroleum regions (PADDS)
Hart Energy expects more than 4.5 million barrels per day of crude-by-rail loading and offloading terminal capacity will be in service by 2016
Either augmenting or serving in lieu of fixed pipeline takeaway infrastructure, crude-by-rail terminals are being developed in each major U.S. oil-rich play
U.S. Crude-by-Rail Transloading Terminal Capacity
This latest report, Refining Unconventional Oil, uncovers future opportunities and developments in North America’s revitalized oil and gas industry.
Make business decisions based on independent research and comprehensive insights – get more information now!
Source: http://www.hartenergy.com/Upstream/Research-And-Consulting/Refining-Unconventional-Oil/?utm_source=sp&utm_medium=em&utm_campaign=5213523-December%2006,%202012&utm_term=RUO_All_126and12132012%20(1)&utm_content=558981&spMailingID=5213523&spUserID=MTYyODE2NTQ4MwS2&spJobID=60009574&spReportId=NjAwMDk1NzQS1
///////
TODAY’S TIP: Bookmark the Hart Energy site for future reference (http://www.hartenergy.com/).
Friday, February 1, 2013
Partly Cloudy: Cloud Storage Tip
“Behind every cloud is another cloud.” -- Judy
Garland
Like many other people, I use Google® Gmail to store my documents. And, like many other people, I sometimes find it difficult to find a particular document when I need it.
It is this problem … the problem of finding your stuff … that prompts today’s time saver tip.
TIME SAVER TIP: Include key words in the subject line of the email you use to upload your document. Be generous with your key words. You never know how your brain is going to remember a particular document six months later. In extreme cases, you may want to include additional key words in the text of the email.
So if, for example, you had run across the following three patents and wanted to keep them handy for future reference, you could simply paste the abstract of each patent into the text of your email.
///////
PATENT
Catalyst composition preparation and use
PATENT number: 8088706
Issue date: Jan 3, 2012
Application number: 12/432,278
Inventors: Laszlo Domokos, Hermanus Jongkind, Johannes Anthonius Robert Van Veen
Original Assignee: Shell Oil Company
Abstract
A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"(X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e (I)description="In-line Formulae" end="tail" wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and...
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8088706?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
PATENT
Catalyst, Catalyst Support And Process For Hydrogenation, Hydroisomerization, Hydrocracking And/Or Hydrodesulfurization
PATENT number: 8128805
Issue date: Mar 6, 2012
Application number: 10/257,889
Inventor: Marius Vaarkamp
Original Assignee: BASF Corporation
Abstract
A catalyst for the hydrogenation, hydroisomerisation, hydrocracking and/or hydrodesulfurisation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks, the catalyst consisting of a substantially binder free bead type support material obtained through a sol-gel method, and a catalytically active component selected from precious metals, the support comprising 5 to 50 wt. % of at least one molecular sieve material and 50 to 95 wt. % of silica-alumina.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8128805?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
PATENT
Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels
PATENT number: 8158843
Issue date: Apr 17, 2012
Application number: 10/365,574
Inventors: Chunshan Song, Xiaoliang Ma, Michael J. Sprague, Velu Subramani
Original Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
Abstract
The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8158843?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
///////
This provides a plethora of possible key words to search for after the mists of time have clouded your memory. Make it even easier to find these documents by using the email’s subject line for the REALLY KEY key words, like …
SUBJECT LINE: patents / dibenzothiophene / shell oil / basf / penn state
Try it … You’ll thank yourself later. Come rain or shine, this practice makes it easier to find your documents using the handy Google Mail search box.
Like many other people, I use Google® Gmail to store my documents. And, like many other people, I sometimes find it difficult to find a particular document when I need it.
It is this problem … the problem of finding your stuff … that prompts today’s time saver tip.
TIME SAVER TIP: Include key words in the subject line of the email you use to upload your document. Be generous with your key words. You never know how your brain is going to remember a particular document six months later. In extreme cases, you may want to include additional key words in the text of the email.
So if, for example, you had run across the following three patents and wanted to keep them handy for future reference, you could simply paste the abstract of each patent into the text of your email.
///////
PATENT
Catalyst composition preparation and use
PATENT number: 8088706
Issue date: Jan 3, 2012
Application number: 12/432,278
Inventors: Laszlo Domokos, Hermanus Jongkind, Johannes Anthonius Robert Van Veen
Original Assignee: Shell Oil Company
Abstract
A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"(X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e (I)description="In-line Formulae" end="tail" wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and...
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8088706?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
PATENT
Catalyst, Catalyst Support And Process For Hydrogenation, Hydroisomerization, Hydrocracking And/Or Hydrodesulfurization
PATENT number: 8128805
Issue date: Mar 6, 2012
Application number: 10/257,889
Inventor: Marius Vaarkamp
Original Assignee: BASF Corporation
Abstract
A catalyst for the hydrogenation, hydroisomerisation, hydrocracking and/or hydrodesulfurisation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks, the catalyst consisting of a substantially binder free bead type support material obtained through a sol-gel method, and a catalytically active component selected from precious metals, the support comprising 5 to 50 wt. % of at least one molecular sieve material and 50 to 95 wt. % of silica-alumina.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8128805?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
PATENT
Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels
PATENT number: 8158843
Issue date: Apr 17, 2012
Application number: 10/365,574
Inventors: Chunshan Song, Xiaoliang Ma, Michael J. Sprague, Velu Subramani
Original Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
Abstract
The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.
Free Full Text Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8158843?dq=dibenzothiophene+patent
///////
This provides a plethora of possible key words to search for after the mists of time have clouded your memory. Make it even easier to find these documents by using the email’s subject line for the REALLY KEY key words, like …
SUBJECT LINE: patents / dibenzothiophene / shell oil / basf / penn state
Try it … You’ll thank yourself later. Come rain or shine, this practice makes it easier to find your documents using the handy Google Mail search box.
Friday, January 25, 2013
Why use DOIs?
“There are evils
that have the ability to survive identification and go on forever... money, for instance, or war.” --
Saul Bellow (Canadian born American Novelist, 1915-2005)
A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is to a Web document what ISBN, International Standard Book Number, is to printed books. It is a registered, unique identifier of a work.
This means that when you find an article of interest and include the DOI in your cite, readers will be able to locate the article no matter how the URL changes in the meantime.
For example, let’s say you find the following article …
///////
Petroleum Science and Technology, Volume 30, Issue 15, 2012, pages 1619-1628, DOI:10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
Desulfurization From Model of Gasoline by Extraction With Synthesized [BF4]−- and [PF6]−-based Ionic Liquids
N. Farzin Nejad a,b, E. Shams b, M. Adibi c, A. A. Miran Beigi a & S. K. Torkestani a
a Analytical Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
c Chemistry and Petrochemicals Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Reports the synthesis and testinf of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [OMIM][BF4], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BMIM][PF6], ionic liquids for their capability to desulfurize model gasoline.
Results demonstrate that the aromatic sulfur compounds with higher π-electron density were favorably adsorbed. They also show that [BF4]−-based ionic liquid displays higher extraction efficiencies than [PF6]−-based ionic liquid. The extractive ability of the imidazolium ionic liquids was dominated by the structure of cation and anion.
Full Text Source (Subscription or Fee): http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
///////
In this example, the URL for the article is: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
But what if Taylor & Francis does a radical reorg of its Web, and the URL changes? Or, what if Taylor & Francis ceases to exist, and some other publisher inherits the article?
If you have the DOI, you will be able to find the article with minimal effort. So, in this example, if you paste DOI:10.1080/10916466.2010.509071 into the Google search box, it will lead you directly to the article.
More information on the DOI concept is available at the Bowker DOI Web: http://www.usdoi.org/index.php?page=why_use_DOI
A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is to a Web document what ISBN, International Standard Book Number, is to printed books. It is a registered, unique identifier of a work.
This means that when you find an article of interest and include the DOI in your cite, readers will be able to locate the article no matter how the URL changes in the meantime.
For example, let’s say you find the following article …
///////
Petroleum Science and Technology, Volume 30, Issue 15, 2012, pages 1619-1628, DOI:10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
Desulfurization From Model of Gasoline by Extraction With Synthesized [BF4]−- and [PF6]−-based Ionic Liquids
N. Farzin Nejad a,b, E. Shams b, M. Adibi c, A. A. Miran Beigi a & S. K. Torkestani a
a Analytical Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
c Chemistry and Petrochemicals Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Reports the synthesis and testinf of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [OMIM][BF4], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BMIM][PF6], ionic liquids for their capability to desulfurize model gasoline.
Results demonstrate that the aromatic sulfur compounds with higher π-electron density were favorably adsorbed. They also show that [BF4]−-based ionic liquid displays higher extraction efficiencies than [PF6]−-based ionic liquid. The extractive ability of the imidazolium ionic liquids was dominated by the structure of cation and anion.
Full Text Source (Subscription or Fee): http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
///////
In this example, the URL for the article is: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10916466.2010.509071
But what if Taylor & Francis does a radical reorg of its Web, and the URL changes? Or, what if Taylor & Francis ceases to exist, and some other publisher inherits the article?
If you have the DOI, you will be able to find the article with minimal effort. So, in this example, if you paste DOI:10.1080/10916466.2010.509071 into the Google search box, it will lead you directly to the article.
More information on the DOI concept is available at the Bowker DOI Web: http://www.usdoi.org/index.php?page=why_use_DOI
Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Conference Alert: Heavy Oil
“There is always
a heavy demand for fresh
mediocrity. In every generation the least cultivated taste has the largest
appetite.” -- Paul Gauguin (French painter, printmaker, and sculptor,
1848-1903)
Praxis (www.praxis-global.com) is presenting a number of events in 2013, including the 5th Global Heavy Oil Management 2013 Praxis Interactive Technology Workshop, 25 Mar 2013 - 28 Mar 2013, Port of Spain,Trinidad and Tobago
Shown below is a list of other Praxis events listed on its Web. This might be a site worth bookmarking.
source: http://www.praxis-global.com/newsAndEvents.aspx
Praxis (www.praxis-global.com) is presenting a number of events in 2013, including the 5th Global Heavy Oil Management 2013 Praxis Interactive Technology Workshop, 25 Mar 2013 - 28 Mar 2013, Port of Spain,Trinidad and Tobago
Shown below is a list of other Praxis events listed on its Web. This might be a site worth bookmarking.
source: http://www.praxis-global.com/newsAndEvents.aspx
Friday, January 11, 2013
Writing a Paper in APA (or any other) Format
Writing a Paper in APA (or any other) Format
“Had I been present at the creation, I would have given some useful hints for the better ordering of the universe.” -- Alphonso X 'the Wise' (Spanish King of Castile & Leon 1252-1282; patron of learning. 1221-1284)
Formatting the references you cite in the papers you submit to journals and conferences can be as grueling as writing the paper itself.
Here are a couple of helpful hints on using MS Word that can ease the pain.
Tip #1: Use the right Word template
If you are using the APA Sixth Edition rules, for example, click File, New. Then search for APA. Select the appropriate template, and click Download. The result will be a document preformatted along APA guidelines.
Tip # 2: Use the Reference tab
Imagine that you want to cite the following article …
///////
Particuology
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2012, Pages 468–474
Hydrodesulfurization catalyst prepared by urea-matrix combustion method
Dongmei Jiao (a), Yeyong Ma (b), Fahai Cao (c)
a School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
b Luoyang Petrochemical Complex of SINOPEC, 1 Zhongyuan Road, Luoyang, China
c Petro-Cyber Works Information Technology Co., Ltd., 192 Eshan Road, Shanghai, China
Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2012.01.001
///////
In Word, click the References tab. In the Style drop down box, select APA Sixth Edition, if that is the style you are following. In the Insert Citation drop down box, click Add New Source.
This produces a form with labeled boxes for each of the items of information you need for the particular Type of Source you are citing. Select the appropriate Type of Source, fill in the form, and click OK.
When you click OK, the cited source will appear in APA approved form within the text of your paper.
Continue adding sources in this way until you are at the end of your paper.
The final step is to create your APA formatted references page. To do so, click Bibliography, then click Insert Bibliography (see screen shot below). Magically, every source you inserted during the course of your paper will appear on your References page in accordance with APA rules.
Writing a paper is difficult. Ease the burden with intelligent use of MS-Word.
“Had I been present at the creation, I would have given some useful hints for the better ordering of the universe.” -- Alphonso X 'the Wise' (Spanish King of Castile & Leon 1252-1282; patron of learning. 1221-1284)
Formatting the references you cite in the papers you submit to journals and conferences can be as grueling as writing the paper itself.
Here are a couple of helpful hints on using MS Word that can ease the pain.
Tip #1: Use the right Word template
If you are using the APA Sixth Edition rules, for example, click File, New. Then search for APA. Select the appropriate template, and click Download. The result will be a document preformatted along APA guidelines.
Tip # 2: Use the Reference tab
Imagine that you want to cite the following article …
///////
Particuology
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2012, Pages 468–474
Hydrodesulfurization catalyst prepared by urea-matrix combustion method
Dongmei Jiao (a), Yeyong Ma (b), Fahai Cao (c)
a School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
b Luoyang Petrochemical Complex of SINOPEC, 1 Zhongyuan Road, Luoyang, China
c Petro-Cyber Works Information Technology Co., Ltd., 192 Eshan Road, Shanghai, China
Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2012.01.001
///////
In Word, click the References tab. In the Style drop down box, select APA Sixth Edition, if that is the style you are following. In the Insert Citation drop down box, click Add New Source.
This produces a form with labeled boxes for each of the items of information you need for the particular Type of Source you are citing. Select the appropriate Type of Source, fill in the form, and click OK.
When you click OK, the cited source will appear in APA approved form within the text of your paper.
Continue adding sources in this way until you are at the end of your paper.
The final step is to create your APA formatted references page. To do so, click Bibliography, then click Insert Bibliography (see screen shot below). Magically, every source you inserted during the course of your paper will appear on your References page in accordance with APA rules.
Writing a paper is difficult. Ease the burden with intelligent use of MS-Word.
Thursday, January 3, 2013
Pop Quiz on Copyright
"Only one
thing is impossible for God: to find any sense in any copyright law on the planet." - Mark Twain's Notebook,
1902-1903
Posit: You find a PDF version of the following paper delivered at a conference …
///////
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume 19, Number 8 (2012), 3491-3497
Thermophilic desulfurization of dibenzothiophene and different petroleum oils by Klebsiella sp. 13T
Sumedha Bhatia (sumedha.25@gmail.com) and Durlubh K. Sharma (sharmadk@ces.iitd.ernet.in)
Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r5u65r843m8l2112/
///////
Question: Can you assume that it is OK to download the file and email it to 20 colleagues?
Answer: No. Just because anybody else with access to the Internet could find and download the file does not mean that you have the right to redistribute it.
Question: But you are not trying to sell it.
Answer: Doesn’t matter. Without written permission from the owner of the copyright, you can’t do anything except download it for personal use.
Question: So you can send an email to the author requesting permission to distribute the file, right?
Answer: Depends. The author may not own the copyright to his or her own article. The copyright holder may be the journal in which the article appears, or the parent company of the journal in which it appears.
OK, that’s enough to constitute food for thought. The point is, copyright is a very complicated issue. It is far more complicated than it should be, as far as I am concerned, and the whole structure is so flimsy that it is teetering on the verge of collapse. But until it actually disintegrates under its own weight, be very careful about how you use anybody else’s stuff.
Gluttons for punishment can delve deeper into copyright chaos by visiting the Copyright Clearance Center (http://www.copyright.com/)
Posit: You find a PDF version of the following paper delivered at a conference …
///////
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume 19, Number 8 (2012), 3491-3497
Thermophilic desulfurization of dibenzothiophene and different petroleum oils by Klebsiella sp. 13T
Sumedha Bhatia (sumedha.25@gmail.com) and Durlubh K. Sharma (sharmadk@ces.iitd.ernet.in)
Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
Free Full Text Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r5u65r843m8l2112/
///////
Question: Can you assume that it is OK to download the file and email it to 20 colleagues?
Answer: No. Just because anybody else with access to the Internet could find and download the file does not mean that you have the right to redistribute it.
Question: But you are not trying to sell it.
Answer: Doesn’t matter. Without written permission from the owner of the copyright, you can’t do anything except download it for personal use.
Question: So you can send an email to the author requesting permission to distribute the file, right?
Answer: Depends. The author may not own the copyright to his or her own article. The copyright holder may be the journal in which the article appears, or the parent company of the journal in which it appears.
OK, that’s enough to constitute food for thought. The point is, copyright is a very complicated issue. It is far more complicated than it should be, as far as I am concerned, and the whole structure is so flimsy that it is teetering on the verge of collapse. But until it actually disintegrates under its own weight, be very careful about how you use anybody else’s stuff.
Gluttons for punishment can delve deeper into copyright chaos by visiting the Copyright Clearance Center (http://www.copyright.com/)
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