Thursday, December 31, 2015

Click the Link

“About all I can say for the United States Senate is that it opens with a prayer and closes with an investigation.” -- Will Rogers (American entertainer, 1879-1935)

When you search Google® Scholar and find a useful article, remember to click the CITED BY link.  Results will not always interest you, but sometimes they will. And all you have to do is CLICK.

Por ejemplo …

Google® Scholar search string: fuel cell desulfurization

One result…

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Investigations in physical mechanism of the oxidative desulfurization process assisted simultaneously by phase transfer agent and ultrasound
JB Bhasarkar, S Chakma, VS Moholkar - Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2015 - Elsevier
... concerns about pollution due to vehicular emissions have triggered enormous research activity
in deep
desulfurization of liquid transportation fuels. The conventional technology of catalytic
hydro-
desulfurization (HDS) is not suitable for deep desulfurization of fuel (10 ppm level ...
Cited by 9
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417714003423

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Click the CITED BY 9 link to find the following …

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Mechanistic analysis of sono-photolysis degradation of carmoisine
S Chakma, VS Moholkar - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016 - Elsevier
Abstract The hybrid advanced oxidation process (AOP) of sono-photolysis, in which
sonication and photolysis (UV-C/H 2 O 2) are applied simultaneously, is known to give
effective degradation of several bio-recalcitrant pollutants. This study has attempted to
...
Cited by 2 Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
Physical and chemical mechanisms of ultrasound in biofuel synthesis
VS Moholkar, HA Choudhury, S Singh… - Production of Biofuels …, 2015 - Springer
Abstract Physical and chemical mechanisms ultrasound-assisted processes as related to the
synthesis of biofuels are reviewed. Ultrasound and its secondary effect of cavitation have
physical and chemical effects on a reaction system, which can contribute to enhancement
...
Cited by 3 Related articles All 3 versions Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
[PDF] from researchgate.netresearchgate.net [PDF]
Production of biofuels and chemicals with ultrasound
Z Fang - 2015 - Springer
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the dynamics, mechanisms and theories of acoustic
cavitation in sonochemistry. Chapter 2 illustrates physical and chemical mechanisms of
ultrasound-assisted processes involved in the synthesis of biofuels. Chapter 3 describes
...
Cited by 1 Related articles All 4 versions Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Library Search Fewer
Magnetic amphiphilic nanocomposites based on silica–carbon for sulphur contaminant oxidation
AAS Oliveira, T Christofani, IF Teixeira… - New Journal of …, 2015 - pubs.rsc.org
Silica and carbon based magnetic amphiphilic nanocomposites (MANCs) were synthesized
and applied for desulfurization in this work. The structure, composition, and magnetic and
amphiphilic properties of the resulting MANCs were characterized in detail by
...
Related articles Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
[PDF] from researchgate.netresearchgate.net [PDF]
Ultrasound assisted biodesulfurization of liquid fuel using free and immobilized cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous MTCC 3552: A mechanistic investigation
JB Bhasarkar, PK Dikshit, VS Moholkar - Bioresource technology, 2015 - Elsevier
Abstract This paper attempts to gain mechanistic insight into enhancement effect of
sonication on biodesulfurization. The approach has been to fit Haldane kinetics model to
dibenzothiophene (DBT) metabolism and analyze trends in model parameters
...
Cited by 3 Related articles All 4 versions Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
[PDF] from researchgate.netresearchgate.net [PDF]
Intensification of Wastewater Treatment using Sono-hybrid Processes: An Overview of Mechanistic Synergism
S Chakma, VS Moholkar - Indian Chemical Engineer, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
Abstract Sono-hybrid advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently attracted
significant attention of researchers for degradation of bio-recalcitrant pollutants. Most widely
studied sono-hybrid processes are: sonocatalysis, sono-Fenton and sono-photocatalysis.
...
Cited by 3 Related articles All 2 versions Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
[PDF] from researchgate.netresearchgate.net [PDF]
Ultrasonically treated liquid interfaces for progress in cleaning and separation processes
D Radziuk, H Möhwald - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016 - pubs.rsc.org
Ultrasound and acoustic cavitation enable ergonomic and eco-friendly treatment of complex
liquids with outstanding performance in cleaning, separation and recycling of resources. A
key element of ultrasonic-based technology is the high speed of mixing by streams, flows
...
Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Fewer
Mechanistic insight into phase transfer agent assisted ultrasonic desulfurization
JB Bhasarkar, M Singh, VS Moholkar - RSC Advances, 2015 - pubs.rsc.org
This paper attempts to gain physical insight into the phase transfer agent (PTA) assisted
ultrasonic oxidative desulfurization process. Essentially, the synergistic links between
mechanisms of PTA and ultrasound/cavitation have been identified by coupling
...


Thursday, December 17, 2015

How Did You Find That?

“I want to stand as close to the edge as I can without going over. Out on the edge you see all kinds of things you can't see from the center.” -- Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. (American Writer, b.1922)

The
National Bioenergy Center has produced a number of significant articles and book chapters on biomass. By significant, I mean they have been cited by other researchers. Here is a small sample of National Bioenergy Center publications, using the Google Scholar search string (exact phrase): "National Bioenergy Center" to illustrate the point …

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From the first page of results:
Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production
ME Himmel, SY Ding, DK Johnson, WS Adney… - science, 2007 - sciencemag.org
... 2 Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 3 National Bioenergy
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. * To whom
correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mike_himmel{at}nrel.gov. Abstract.
...
Cited by 2099
Handbook Of Size Exclusion Chromatography And Related Techniques: Revised And Expanded
CS Wu - 2003 - books.google.com
... Page 18. Page 19. Contributors William S. Adney, MS Biotechnology Division for Fuels
and Chemicals,
National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
Golden, Colorado, USA John O. Baker, Ph. D. Biotechnology
...
Cited by 160
Microbial bionanotechnology: biological self-assembly systems and biopolymer-based nanostructures
B Rehm - 2006 - books.google.com
... Contributors vi| Soazig C. Delamarre (continued) Nanobiotechnology Center Cornell University
Ithaca, NY USA Shi-You Ding
National Bioenergy Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Golden, CO USA Eva-Maria Egelseer Centre for NanoBiotechnology University of
...
Cited by 11
Process and technoeconomic analysis of leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass
L Tao, A Aden, RT Elander, VR Pallapolu, YY Lee… - Bioresource …, 2011 - Elsevier
... a National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole
Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA; b Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn
University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; c Biomass
...
Cited by 111
Measuring the crystallinity index of cellulose by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
S Park, DK Johnson, CI Ishizawa, PA Parilla, MF Davis - Cellulose, 2009 - Springer
... MF Davis (&) National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617
Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA e-mail: mark.davis@nrel.gov 123 Cellulose (2009)
16:641–647 DOI 10.1007/s10570-009-9321-1 Page 2. Introduction
...
Cited by 108
Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply
RD Perlack, LL Wright, AF Turhollow, RL Graham… - 2005 - DTIC Document
... Portland, OR Ralph Overend Research Fellow National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Golden, CO Michael Pacheco Director,
National Bioenergy Center National
Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO Robert B. Rummer
...
Cited by 1988
Near infrared spectroscopy in the forest products industry
CL So, BK Via, LH Groom, LR Schimleck… - Forest products …, 2004 - cat.inist.fr
... UNIS (2) USDA Forrest Service, Southern Reesearch Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville,
LA 71360, ETATS-UNIS (3) Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens,
GA 30602, ETATS-UNIS (4)
National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable ...
Cited by 95 Related articles All 6 versions Cite SaveSaving...SavedError saving. Try again? More Cached Fewer
Systems biology analysis of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 ethanol stress responses
S Yang, C Pan, TJ Tschaplinski, GB Hurst, NL Engle… - PLoS One, 2013 - dx.plos.org
... Tennessee, United States of America. Current address: National Bioenergy Center,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America.
.
Chongle Pan, Affiliations: BioEnergy Science Center
...
Cited by 17
Ethanol for a sustainable energy future
J Goldemberg - science, 2007 - sciencemag.org
... M. Pacheco, US Senate Full Commitee Hearing—Renewable Fuel Standards (National
Renewable Energy Laboratory,
National Bioenergy Center, 19 June 2006); available at
http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?IsPrint=true&FuseAction=Hearings
...
Cited by 783
Lignin content in natural Populus variants affects sugar release
MH Studer, JD DeMartini, MF Davis… - Proceedings of the …, 2011 - National Acad Sciences
... Riverside, CA 92507; b BESC BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422; c
National Bioenergy Center, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401-3305; d Energy and
...
Cited by 227
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As interesting as these results are, more interesting is the question “How did I find them?”

It is a multistep process. Here is the search path …

Google® Scholar search string: biomass desulfurization

One result:

Review of mid-to high-temperature sulfur sorbents for desulfurization of biomass-and coal-derived syngas
S Cheah, DL Carpenter, KA Magrini-Bair - Energy & Fuels, 2009 - ACS Publications
This review examines state-of-the-art mid-and high-temperature sulfur sorbents that remove
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from syngas generated from coal gasification and may be applicable
for use with biomass-derived syngas. Biomass feedstocks contain low percentages of  ...
Cited by 106

Click the title’s hyperlink to view the abstract (http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef900714q?journalCode=enfuem)

You will note that the authors are affiliated with the National Bioenergy Center.
Copy National Bioenergy Center to the clipboard and paste into the Google® Scholar (www.scholar.google.com/) search form.

Browse the resulting list.

So, to recap … do a keyword search on your topic. Then examine the results for clues on how to find more of what you want. And here’s a TIP: take advantage of the hyperlinks that Google Scholar and other search engines provide.


Thursday, December 10, 2015

Mine the Reference List

“Normal people ... believe that if it ain't broke, don't fix it. Engineers believe that if it ain't broke, it doesn't have enough features yet.” -- Scott Adams (American Cartoonist, b.1957)
 

An article may be recent enough that it has not yet been cited by others.  However, the article will include, as scholarly articles do, a list of references.  Each reference can be searched to determine the number of times a particular reference has been cited.
 
This can be useful information.  Even if you don’t find a particular article to be helpful, you may discover gold by mining the article’s list of references.

TIP: Mine the reference list

For example …

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A.S. Ogunlaja, E.C. Hosten and Z.R. Tshentu, 172
S. Afr. J. Chem., 2015, 68, 172–180
The Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene using Oxidovanadium(IV)-containing Nanofibres as Catalyst
Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja*, Eric C. Hosten and Zenixole R. Tshentu*
Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
ABSTRACT
Polyvinylbenzylchloride nanofibres were fabricated by the electrospinning technique and subsequently functionalized with a tetradentate ligand, 2,2’-(1E,1’E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(4-aminophenol). VO2+ was then incorporated into the nanofibres to produce the catalyst VO-fibres. Microanalysis, TG and FT-IR were used for the characterization of VO-fibre, and EPR also confirmed the presence of oxidovanadium(IV) within the nanofibres. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was investigated by varying the catalyst amount, substrate amount, oxidant and temperature, and the progress of oxidation was followed with a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector.Anincrease in the amount of oxidant caused an increase in the amount of dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2), while a decrease in the quantity of dibenzothiophene resulted in an increase in the overall yield of dibenzothiophene sulfone under a constant temperature and oxidant (H2O2) concentration. Dibenzothiophene sulfone was confirmed as the oxidation product through 1H-NMRspectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 
Free Full Text Source:  http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajc/v68/24.pdf
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Peruse the article’s list of references, then Google® the titles, and you will find a number of them that have been cited a numerously, making them candidates for further research.  Here are two references from our sample …

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Reactivities in deep catalytic hydrodesulfurization: challenges, opportunities, and the importance of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
BC Gates, H Topsøe - Polyhedron, 1997 - Elsevier
The organosulfur compounds present in fossil fuels vary widely in their reactivities in catalytic hydrodesulfurization. In naphtha, thiophene is so much less reactive than the thiols, sulfides, and disulfides that the latter can be considered to be virtually infinitely reactive in ...
Cited by 243
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277538797000740
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Hydrodesulfurization reactivities of various sulfur compounds in vacuum gas oil
X Ma, K Sakanishi, I Mochida - Industrial & engineering chemistry …, 1996 - ACS Publications
The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of a vacuum gas oil (VGO) was performed at 360° C (6.9 MPa) over a commercial NiMo catalyst to examine the HDS reactivities of various sulfur compounds which exist in the VGO by means of quantitative pseudo-first-order kinetic  ...
Cited by 118
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Free Full Text Source:  http://research.che.tamu.edu/groups/Seminario/Special%20Assigment/Hydrodesulfurization%20Reactivities%20of%20Various%20Sulfur%20Compounds.pdf
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Saturday, December 5, 2015

Conference Alert: PTC - 11th Pipeline Technology Conference

“The major difference between a thing that might go wrong and a thing that cannot possibly go wrong is that when a thing that cannot possibly go wrong goes wrong it usually turns out to be impossible to get at or repair” -- Douglas Adams (British comic Writer, 1952-2001)

PTC - 11th Pipeline Technology Conference (http://www.pipeline-conference.com/) will be held 23-25 May 2016, in Berlin, Germany

According to the PTC Web …
The 11th ptc offers again opportunities for operators as well as technology and service providers to exchange latest onshore and offshore technologies and new developments supporting the energy strategies world-wide. More than 500 delegates are expected to attend the 11th ptc in Berlin.

Among major oil companies that have presented at past PTCs are …

ExxonMobil (http://www.pipeline-conference.com/companies/exxonmobil-central-europe-holding)
Shell (http://www.pipeline-conference.com/companies/shell-nigeria)
BP (http://www.pipeline-conference.com/companies/bp-azerbaijan)
Saudi Aramco (http://www.pipeline-conference.com/companies/saudi-aramco)


Monday, November 30, 2015

Open Access Strategy

“I respect a man who knows how to spell a word more than one way -- Mark Twain (American Humorist, Writer and Lecturer. 1835-1910)

You've heard of OPEN ACCESS articles, but how do find them?  Here is one way ... let's assume that you are interested in the use of sulfur in solar panels. At this stage, you want to read some scholarly articles, but you are not yet ready to pay for anything.  You just want to get a feel for the subject.

Go to Google® Scholar (www.scholar.google.com) and enter the following search string:

sulfur AND solar AND "open access"

ONE RESULT:
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC04822B (Communication) Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 14660-14662
Solution processable, cross-linked sulfur polymers as solid electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Peng Liu ,  James M. Gardner * and   Lars Kloo *
Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: jgardner@kth.se; larsa@kth.se
Introduction
Inverse-vulcanized polymeric sulfur has been prepared and utilized for solid-state dye sensitized solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 1.5% was recorded with a short-circuit current of 4.1 mA cm−2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.75 V under standard AM 1.5G illumination (1000 W m−2). The results in the present study qualify the new polymeric sulfur material as a future candidate as low-cost, hole-transport material for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.

It is the overall cost of making, installing, and using photovoltaics that will determine if they become the future, primary renewable energy source. The important factors for reducing cost involve an increase in conversion efficiency, an increase in usable lifetime, as well as a decrease of inherent material costs for the production of the solar cells. The identification of inexpensive and abundant materials that are easily processed represents a major challenge. Exactly this challenge is the main objective of the present work. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional solar technologies.1,2
Read the full text source at: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/cc/c5cc04822b


Friday, November 20, 2015

Desulfurization of Saudi Arabian crudes by oxidation–extraction method

“As crude a weapon as the cave man's club, the chemical barrage has been hurled against the fabric of life” -- Rachel Carson, perhaps the finest nature writer of the Twentieth Century, (1907-1964)

An interesting OPEN ACCESS article produced by authors from China and Saudi Arabia is …

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Applied Petrochemical Research
Desulfurization of Saudi Arabian crudes by oxidation–extraction method
Authors
Raja L. AL Otaibi (1)
Dong Liu (2)
Xulian Hou (2)
Linhua Song (3)
Qingyin Li (3)
Mengfei Li (4)
Hamid O. Almigrin (2)
Zifeng Yan (2)

1.  Petrochemical Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 
2.  State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China 
3.  College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China 
4.  College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China

Abstract
The oxidation–extraction desulfurization of Saudi Arabian crudes was conducted with hydrogen peroxide–acetic acid oxidation system. The selection of extractant, the optimization of oxidation–extraction conditions, and the exploration of desulfurization mechanism were studied. As DMF was used as the extractant, the optimal desulfurization rate of 35.11 % and oil recovery of 95 % were obtained at 70 °C with the molar ratio of peracetic acid to sulfur of 8:1, the molar ratio of acetic acid to hydrogen peroxide of 2:1 and the volume ratio of extractant to oil of 1:1. The desulfurization effect of different fractions in the treated Saudi Arabian crudes was found to obey the following order: gasoline–diesel fraction >VGO fraction >VR fraction, due to different types and structures of sulfur compounds. The oil quality was less affected and most sulfides were mainly extracted via DMF.

Free Full Text Source:  http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13203-015-0112-3
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TIP: When you visit the page featuring this article, click on the link to Applied Petrochemical Research, and browse this Open Access journal for other interesting articles.