Marine bunker is one of the dirtiest fuels around. This is why an ExxonMobil
patent describing low sulfur marine bunker is worth examining.
This item came to my attention as the result of a Google® email alert on
ExxonMobil.
Here’s a tip … when you are alerted to an item of interest, take the next step.
TIP:
Google® exxonmobil
bunker
Search results will include ExxonMobil corporate info on their products, as
well as other sources of information on marine bunker.
///////
Low sulfur marine bunker fuels and
methods of making same
Inventor: Christopher E. Robinson, Sara
DAWE, Erik Karlsson, Hédi GRATI
Current Assignee: ExxonMobil Research
and Engineering Co
2018-03-20 US9920270B2 Grant
Abstract
This invention relates to low sulfur marine bunker fuel compositions and
methods of making the same. The invention also relates to an uncracked,
hydrotreated vacuum resid for use in making the low sulfur marine bunker fuel
composition. Contrary to conventional marine/bunker fuel compositions, the low
sulfur marine/bunker fuel composition uses mostly uncracked components,
including a (cat feed) hydrotreated vacuum resid. The low sulfur marine/bunker
fuel composition can also have reduced contents of residual components.
SUMMARY
[0010]
One aspect of the invention relates to a method for making a low sulfur marine
bunker fuel composition with a reduced concentration of components that have
been cracked, the method comprising: contacting a vacuum resid feed stream
having at least about 2000 wppm, for example at least about 2000 wppm, at least
about 5000 wppm, at least about 7500, or at least about 10000 wppm sulfur, with
a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst under
effective hydrotreating conditions in a catalytic feed hydrotreater, such that
the product exhibits at most about 5000 wppm, for example at most about 1500
wppm sulfur, a pour point of at least about 20° C., and a kinematic viscosity
of at least about 350 cSt at 50° C., without the product being subject to a
substantial amount of cracking; and optionally blending at least a portion of
the uncracked product with 0-60 vol % of other components, selected from
viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, lubricity modifiers, antioxidants,
and combinations thereof, to form a marine bunker fuel composition. The
resulting marine bunker fuel composition contains: (1) the uncracked product
having at most about 2000 wppm, for example at most about 1500 wppm or at most
about 1000 wppm sulfur; (2) no more than about 10 vol % of a first diesel
boiling range hydrocarbon stream having no more than about 20 wppm sulfur; and
(3) no more than about 50 vol % of a second diesel boiling range hydrocarbon
stream having no more than about 10 wppm sulfur.
[0011]
Another aspect of the invention relates to a low sulfur marine bunker fuel
composition comprising: 40 vol % to 100 vol % of an uncracked, hydrotreated
vacuum resid having at most about 5000 wppm—for example at most about 2000
wppm, at most about 1500 wppm, or at most about 1000 wppm—sulfur; and up to 60
vol % of other components, selected from viscosity modifiers, pour point
depressants, lubricity modifiers, antioxidants, and combinations thereof The
low sulfur marine bunker fuel composition has: at most about 5000 wppm., for
example at most about 1000 wppm sulfur; and at least one of a kinematic
viscosity at about 50° C. from about 20 cSt to about 400 cSt, a density at 15°
C. from about 800 kg/m3 to about 1000 kg/m3, and a pour point from about 20° C.
to about 35° C.
[0012]
Another aspect of the invention relates to a low sulfur, uncracked,
hydrotreated vacuum resid having at most about 5000 wppm for example at most
about 2000 wppm, at most about 1500 wppm, or at most about 1000 wppm—sulfur, a
T50 of at least 600° C., a pour point of at least about 20° C., and a kinematic
viscosity of at least around 100 cSt at 50° C.
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160160139A1/en
///////
Thursday, June 28, 2018
Monday, June 25, 2018
The company you keep: keeping up with keeping up
One way to keep up with developments in your field of research is to follow
companies with a vested interested in those topics of research that match your interests.
Implementing this monitoring strategy is more than simple, but less than complex.
TIP: to stay on top of the cutting edge (hmm … that sounds painful), combine key words with company names
For example, to follow, let’s say, Chevron, you could do worse than to going to Google® Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) and entering a search string like any of the following …
chevron AND nano
chevron AND desulfurization
chevron AND dibenzothiophene
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND nano
ONE result
Nano-linked metallocene catalyst compositions and their polymer products
RE Murray, KC Jayaratne, Q Yang, JL Martin - US Patent 8,143,183, 2012 - Google Patents
The present invention provides polymerization catalyst compositions employing novel
dinuclear metallocene compounds. Methods for making these new dinuclear metallocene
compounds and for using such compounds in catalyst compositions for the polymerization …
Cited by 45
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8143183/ja
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND desulfurization
ONE result
Method for predicting adsorbent performance
AT Bell, M Sharma, B Smit, BZ Zhan, AZ He - US Patent 9,719,028, 2017 - Google Patents
… of California Chevron USA Inc Original Assignee University of California Chevron USA Inc … The
invention relates to a method for desulfurizing hydrocarbons, particularly desulfurizing fuel bases
for … In one embodiment, the invention relates to the desulfurization of fuel bases …
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120232863
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND dibenzothiophene
ONE result
Production of heavy API group II base oil
GD Lei, S Bhattacharya, A Brait - US Patent 9,796,936, 2017 - Google Patents
Abstract
A process for heavy base oil production, comprising: a. performing an aromatic extraction of a first hydrocarbon feed to produce an aromatic extract, and a waxy raffinate; b. mixing the aromatic extract with a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; c. feeding the mixed feed to a hydroprocessing unit to produce a heavy API Group II base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 70° C. from 22.6 to 100 mm2/s. An integrated refinery process unit for making heavy base oils, comprising: a. an aromatic extraction unit fluidly connected to a solvent dewaxing unit and a hydroprocessing unit; b. a first line from the aromatic extraction unit, that feeds an aromatic extract to a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; and c. a connection that feeds the mixed feed to the hydroprocessing unit.
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9796936B2/en
///////
The point is that Googling is helpful, but keywords are … well, key.
AND, it is not that hard. You know that companies like ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron and BP are using their people to research your topic. Piggy back on their efforts. Combine company names with simple key words, and you will be rewarded with a wealth of information that you can use.
///////
Jean Steinhardt served as Librarian, Aramco Services, Engineering Division, for 13 years. He now heads Jean Steinhardt Consulting LLC, producing the same high quality research that he performed for Aramco.
Follow Jean’s blog at: http://desulf.blogspot.com/ for continuing tips on effective online research
Email Jean at research@jeansteinhardtconsulting.com with questions on research, training, or anything else
Visit Jean’s Web site at http://www.jeansteinhardtconsulting.com/ to see examples of the services we can provide
Implementing this monitoring strategy is more than simple, but less than complex.
TIP: to stay on top of the cutting edge (hmm … that sounds painful), combine key words with company names
For example, to follow, let’s say, Chevron, you could do worse than to going to Google® Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) and entering a search string like any of the following …
chevron AND nano
chevron AND desulfurization
chevron AND dibenzothiophene
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND nano
ONE result
Nano-linked metallocene catalyst compositions and their polymer products
RE Murray, KC Jayaratne, Q Yang, JL Martin - US Patent 8,143,183, 2012 - Google Patents
The present invention provides polymerization catalyst compositions employing novel
dinuclear metallocene compounds. Methods for making these new dinuclear metallocene
compounds and for using such compounds in catalyst compositions for the polymerization …
Cited by 45
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8143183/ja
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND desulfurization
ONE result
Method for predicting adsorbent performance
AT Bell, M Sharma, B Smit, BZ Zhan, AZ He - US Patent 9,719,028, 2017 - Google Patents
… of California Chevron USA Inc Original Assignee University of California Chevron USA Inc … The
invention relates to a method for desulfurizing hydrocarbons, particularly desulfurizing fuel bases
for … In one embodiment, the invention relates to the desulfurization of fuel bases …
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120232863
///////
Google Scholar search string: chevron AND dibenzothiophene
ONE result
Production of heavy API group II base oil
GD Lei, S Bhattacharya, A Brait - US Patent 9,796,936, 2017 - Google Patents
Abstract
A process for heavy base oil production, comprising: a. performing an aromatic extraction of a first hydrocarbon feed to produce an aromatic extract, and a waxy raffinate; b. mixing the aromatic extract with a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; c. feeding the mixed feed to a hydroprocessing unit to produce a heavy API Group II base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 70° C. from 22.6 to 100 mm2/s. An integrated refinery process unit for making heavy base oils, comprising: a. an aromatic extraction unit fluidly connected to a solvent dewaxing unit and a hydroprocessing unit; b. a first line from the aromatic extraction unit, that feeds an aromatic extract to a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; and c. a connection that feeds the mixed feed to the hydroprocessing unit.
source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9796936B2/en
///////
The point is that Googling is helpful, but keywords are … well, key.
AND, it is not that hard. You know that companies like ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron and BP are using their people to research your topic. Piggy back on their efforts. Combine company names with simple key words, and you will be rewarded with a wealth of information that you can use.
///////
Jean Steinhardt served as Librarian, Aramco Services, Engineering Division, for 13 years. He now heads Jean Steinhardt Consulting LLC, producing the same high quality research that he performed for Aramco.
Follow Jean’s blog at: http://desulf.blogspot.com/ for continuing tips on effective online research
Email Jean at research@jeansteinhardtconsulting.com with questions on research, training, or anything else
Visit Jean’s Web site at http://www.jeansteinhardtconsulting.com/ to see examples of the services we can provide
Sunday, June 24, 2018
Into the forest: Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons
One of my email alerts turned up this item …
///////
Nature Catalysis
volume 1, pages398–411 (2018)
Published: 12 June 2018
Recent trends and fundamental insights in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons process
Irina Yarulina, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury, Florian Meirer, Bert M. Weckhuysen & Jorge Gascon
Abstract
The production of high-demand chemical commodities such as ethylene and propylene (methanol-to-olefins), hydrocarbons (methanol-to-hydrocarbons), gasoline (methanol-to-gasoline) and aromatics (methanol-to-aromatics) from methanol—obtainable from alternative feedstocks, such as carbon dioxide, biomass, waste or natural gas through the intermediate formation of synthesis gas—has been central to research in both academia and industry. Although discovered in the late 1970s, this catalytic technology has only been industrially implemented over the past decade, with a number of large commercial plants already operating in Asia. However, as is the case for other technologies, industrial maturity is not synonymous with full understanding. For this reason, research is still intense and a number of important discoveries have been reported over the last few years. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in mechanistic understanding—including direct C–C bond formation during the induction period and the promotional effect of zeolite topology and acidity on the alkene cycle—and correlate these insights to practical aspects in terms of catalyst design and engineering.
Cost to purchase full text: $22.00
source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41929-018-0078-5
///////
While you can purchase the article from nature.com … which I encourage you to do … you can also obtain free information by researching bits you can glean from the abstract et al.
For example, Google® Irina Yarulina, one if the authors, and you will find …
///////
Irina Yarulina, Ph.D.Postdoctoral Fellow
irina.yarulina@kaust.edu.sa
Research Interests
My research area lies in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and its application in C1 chemistry. I use the novel techniques of materials synthesis and characterization to develop the catalysts for CO2, methane and methanol conversion as an alternative and sustainable method to obtain conventional products via unconventional routes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected Publications
• Consequences of secondary zeolite growth on catalytic performance in DMTO studied over DDR and CHA
I. Yarulina, A. Dikhtiarenko, F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon
Cat. Sci. Tech. 7, 300-309, (2017)
• J. Goetze, F. Meirer, I. Yarulina, J. Gascon, F. Kapteijn, J. Ruiz-Martínez, B.M. Weckhuysen
Insights into the activity and deactivation of the methanol-to-olefins process over differ...
ACS Catal. 7, 4033-4046, (2017)
• Suppression of the Aromatic Cycle in Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction over ZSM-5 by Post-Synthetic Modification Using C...
I . Yarulina, S. Bailleul, A. Pustovarenko, J.R. Martinez, K.D. Wispelaere, J. Hajek, B.M....
ChemCatChem 8, 3057-3063, (2016)
• Methanol-to-olefins process over zeolite catalysts with DDR topology: effect of composition and structural defects ...
I. Yarulina, J. Goetze, C. Gucuyener, L. van Thiel, A. Dikhtiarenko, J. Ruiz-Martinez, B.M...
Cat. Sci. Tech. 6, 2663-2678, (2016)
• The importance of heat effects in the methanol to hydrocarbons reaction over ZSM-5: on the role of mesoporosity on ...
I. Yarulina, F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon
Cat. Sci. Tech. 6, 5320-5325, (2016)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Education Profile
•Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2016
•M.Sc., Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, Russia, 2012
•B.Sc., Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, Russia, 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Professional Profile
•2012: Master thesis internship, GGRC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KAUST Affiliations
•KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) (https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Home.aspx )
•Division Of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)
source: https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Yarulina.aspx
///////
Notice that one of the interesting items in this author’s profile is her affiliation with the KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) (https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Home.aspx). KAUST Catalysis Center is producing some very interesting research.
Follow the breadcrumbs … they may lead you to the whole loaf.
///////
Nature Catalysis
volume 1, pages398–411 (2018)
Published: 12 June 2018
Recent trends and fundamental insights in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons process
Irina Yarulina, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury, Florian Meirer, Bert M. Weckhuysen & Jorge Gascon
Abstract
The production of high-demand chemical commodities such as ethylene and propylene (methanol-to-olefins), hydrocarbons (methanol-to-hydrocarbons), gasoline (methanol-to-gasoline) and aromatics (methanol-to-aromatics) from methanol—obtainable from alternative feedstocks, such as carbon dioxide, biomass, waste or natural gas through the intermediate formation of synthesis gas—has been central to research in both academia and industry. Although discovered in the late 1970s, this catalytic technology has only been industrially implemented over the past decade, with a number of large commercial plants already operating in Asia. However, as is the case for other technologies, industrial maturity is not synonymous with full understanding. For this reason, research is still intense and a number of important discoveries have been reported over the last few years. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in mechanistic understanding—including direct C–C bond formation during the induction period and the promotional effect of zeolite topology and acidity on the alkene cycle—and correlate these insights to practical aspects in terms of catalyst design and engineering.
Cost to purchase full text: $22.00
source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41929-018-0078-5
///////
While you can purchase the article from nature.com … which I encourage you to do … you can also obtain free information by researching bits you can glean from the abstract et al.
For example, Google® Irina Yarulina, one if the authors, and you will find …
///////
Irina Yarulina, Ph.D.Postdoctoral Fellow
irina.yarulina@kaust.edu.sa
Research Interests
My research area lies in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and its application in C1 chemistry. I use the novel techniques of materials synthesis and characterization to develop the catalysts for CO2, methane and methanol conversion as an alternative and sustainable method to obtain conventional products via unconventional routes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected Publications
• Consequences of secondary zeolite growth on catalytic performance in DMTO studied over DDR and CHA
I. Yarulina, A. Dikhtiarenko, F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon
Cat. Sci. Tech. 7, 300-309, (2017)
• J. Goetze, F. Meirer, I. Yarulina, J. Gascon, F. Kapteijn, J. Ruiz-Martínez, B.M. Weckhuysen
Insights into the activity and deactivation of the methanol-to-olefins process over differ...
ACS Catal. 7, 4033-4046, (2017)
• Suppression of the Aromatic Cycle in Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction over ZSM-5 by Post-Synthetic Modification Using C...
I . Yarulina, S. Bailleul, A. Pustovarenko, J.R. Martinez, K.D. Wispelaere, J. Hajek, B.M....
ChemCatChem 8, 3057-3063, (2016)
• Methanol-to-olefins process over zeolite catalysts with DDR topology: effect of composition and structural defects ...
I. Yarulina, J. Goetze, C. Gucuyener, L. van Thiel, A. Dikhtiarenko, J. Ruiz-Martinez, B.M...
Cat. Sci. Tech. 6, 2663-2678, (2016)
• The importance of heat effects in the methanol to hydrocarbons reaction over ZSM-5: on the role of mesoporosity on ...
I. Yarulina, F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon
Cat. Sci. Tech. 6, 5320-5325, (2016)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Education Profile
•Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2016
•M.Sc., Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, Russia, 2012
•B.Sc., Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, Russia, 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Professional Profile
•2012: Master thesis internship, GGRC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KAUST Affiliations
•KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) (https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Home.aspx )
•Division Of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)
source: https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Yarulina.aspx
///////
Notice that one of the interesting items in this author’s profile is her affiliation with the KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) (https://kcc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Home.aspx). KAUST Catalysis Center is producing some very interesting research.
Follow the breadcrumbs … they may lead you to the whole loaf.
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