“I have little patience with scientists who take a board of wood, look
for its thinnest part, and drill a great number of holes where drilling is easy.”
-- Albert Einstein (German born American Physicist, 1879-1955)
Google© Scholar has made it easy, with its advanced search feature, to create
sophisticated search strategies to retrieve what you need while reducing the
amount of time you spend wading through irrelevant results.
Here, from simple to increasingly complex, are four examples, each illustrated with
samples from the results list. To get the most out of the examples, navigate to
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&tab=ws),
then click “Advanced
Scholar Search.” All search strings are restricted to a publication
date of “2011.”
///////
The simplest of all search strategies is to
search for one key word …
Search String: DESULFURIZATION
One result (out of 3440):
///////
Journal of Catalysis, Volume 279, Issue 2, 25 April 2011, Pages 269-275
Oxidative
desulfurization of dibenzothiophene and diesel over [Bmim]3PMo12O40
Jian
Zhang (a), Anjie Wang (a, b), Xiang Li (a, b), Xuehu Ma (b)
ajwang@dlut.edu.cn
a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology,
Dalian 116012, PR China
b Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Technology and Equipments, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116012, PR China
Abstract
A hybrid material ([Bmim]3PMo12O40) was synthesized by reacting H3PMo12O40 with
the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide. SiO2-supported
[Bmim]3PMo12O40 showed a high catalytic activity in the oxidation of
dibenzothiophene (DBT) with 29% H2O2 aqueous solution as the oxidant. Maximum
activity was observed at a loading of 20 wt.% [Bmim]3PMo12O40 on SiO2, and 100%
DBT conversion was achieved at 60 °C, atmospheric pressure, and an oxygen to
sulfur (O/S) molar ratio of 3.0 in 100 min. The high performance of
[Bmim]3PMo12O40/SiO2 might be attributable to its amphiphilicity, which
enhances adsorption of both H2O2 and sulfur-containing compounds.
[Bmim]3PMo12O40/SiO2 could be easily separated by centrifugation and reused
without deactivation after seven runs. Quinoline and carbazole had slightly
positive effects on DBT oxidation, whereas indole had a negative effect. The
high performance of [Bmim]3PMo12O40 was verified in the sulfur removal from a
real diesel by means of oxidation followed by dimethylformamide extraction.
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951711000285
///////
Focus your search by adding a second key word. Type
the two key words into the “with all the words” box …
Search String: desulfurization diesel
One result (out of 685):
///////
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 264-268
Sono-desulfurization
oxidation reactivities of FCC diesel fuel in metal ion/H2O2 systems
Yongchuan
Dai (a), Dezhi Zhao (a), Yutai Qi (b)
ych_dasic@yahoo.com
a Department of Petroleum Chemical Engineering, School of Petroleum Chemical
Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, PR China
b School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of
Technology, Harbin 115001, PR China
Abstract
The objective of this work was to probe experimentally the characteristics of
the use of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions in the ultrasound-assisted oxidation
desulfurization (UAODS) of diesel fuels and to develop a model that
appropriately represented the mechanism. The influence of metal ions (Fe2+ or
Cu2+) on aqueous phase pH values of the UAODS of diesel fuels was investigated.
The UAODS proceeded rapidly only within a limited pH range from 1.9 to 2.1. It
was observed that the UAODS of diesel fuels fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics
under our experimental conditions. In UAODS of diesel fuels the apparent
reaction rate constants can be greatly enhanced by addition of metal ions
and/or using ultrasound. The combination of ultrasound and the metal ions can
also reduce the apparent activation energy rapidly. The order of the apparent
reaction rate constants in UAODS of diesel fuels is US–Fe2+–H2O2 system
> US–Cu2+–H2O2 system > US–H2O2 system > H2O2 system.
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417710001045
///////
///////
Refine your search by adding a Boolean OR statement.
Type “desulfurization” in the “with all the words” box. Type “diesel gasoline”
in the “with at least one of the words” box. The resulting Google Scholar
search string will be …
Search string: desulfurization diesel OR gasoline
Two results (out of 904):
///////
Journal of Environmental Sciences, Volume 23, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 975-982
Desulfurization
of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by a novel strain Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7
isolated from diesel contaminated soil
Ashutosh
Bahuguna (a), Madhuri K. Lily (a), Ashok Munjal (b), Ravindra N. Singh (c),
Koushalya Dangwal (a),
ashubahuguna@gmail.com
kdangwall@yahoo.co.in
a Department of Biotechnology, Modern Institute of Technology (MIT), Dhalwala,
Rishikesh 249201, Uttarakhand, India
b Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali
304022, Rajasthan, India
c Department of Biochemistry, S.B.S. P.G. Institute of Biomédical Sciences and
Research, Balawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
A new bacterial strain DMT-7 capable of selectively desulfurizing
dibenzothiophene (DBT) was isolated from diesel contaminated soil. The DMT-7 was
characterized and identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 (NCBI GenBank
Accession No. GQ496620) using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The desulfurized
product of DBT, 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP), was identified and confirmed by high
performance liquid chromatography analysis and gas chromatography-mass
spectroscopy analysis respectively. The desulfurization kinetics revealed that
DMT-7 started desulfurization of DBT into 2HBP after the lag phase of 24 hr,
exponentially increasing the accumulation of 2HBP up to 15 days leading to
approximately 60% desulfurization of the DBT. However, further growth resulted
into DBT degradation. The induced culture of DMT-7 showed shorter lag phase of
6 hr and early onset of stationary phase within 10 days for desulfurization as
compared to that of non-induced culture clearly indicating the inducibility of
the desulfurization pathway of DMT-7. In addition, Lysinibacillus sphaericus
DMT-7 also possess the ability to utilize broad range of substrates as sole
source of sulfur such as benzothiophene, 3,4-benzo DBT, 4,6-dimethyl DBT, and
4,6-dibutyl DBT. Therefore, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 could serve as
model system for efficient biodesulfurization of diesel and petrol.
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074210605049
Energy Fuels, 2011, 25 (9), pp 3940–3949
Catalytic
Mechanism of MCM-41 Supported Phosphoric Acid Catalyst for FCC Gasoline
Desulfurization by Alkylation: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Rong
Wang†, Yonghong Li*†‡, Benshuai Guo†, and Hongwei Sun§
yhli@tju.edu.cn
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry,
Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
National Engineering Research Center for Distillation Technology, Tianjin
300072, P. R. China
Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
Abstract
The desulfurization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline by alkylation over solid
acid catalysts is considered to be a viable and less costly path to meet
environmental regulations of sulfur emissions. However, side reactions in the process
lead to significant levels of coke, which will greatly reduce the lifetime of
the catalyst. In this paper, the catalytic mechanism of MCM-41 supported
phosphoric acid catalyst for gasoline desulfurization by alkylation has been
investigated by using experimental methods and quantum chemical calculations to
study the catalytic behavior for the adsorption and reaction of different
reactants, which can help optimize the reaction conditions and preparation
methods of the catalyst for a more efficient alkylation process. The results
showed that both the typical main and side reactions in the alkylation process
started from a stable alkoxide intermediate that was formed by protonation of
olefin adsorbed on the catalyst. Thiophenic compounds were more inclined to be
adsorbed on the alkoxide intermediate than olefins for further reaction, and
the activation energy for the alkylation of thiophenic sulfurs with alkenes was
obviously lower than that for alkene oligomerization. Moreover, the thiophene
alkylation was exothermic while the olefin oligomerization was endothermic. On
the basis of these findings obtained by experimental and theoretical
investigation, two methods that might be useful to further inhibit the
occurrence of side reactions and improve the catalyst performance in the
alkylation process were proposed
source: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef200705b?mi=v8k6so&af=R&pageSize=20&searchText=Gasoline+desulfurization
///////
Fine tune your search by adding a
key phrase. Type “diesel gasoline” in the
“with at least one of the words” box. Type “deep desulfurization” in the “with
the exact phrase” box. The resulting Google Scholar search string will be …
Search string: diesel
OR gasoline "deep desulfurization"
One result (out of 166):
///////
China Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology, 2011,Vol. 13, No. 3,
pp 16-20, September 30, 2011
Deep
Desulfurization via Adsorption by Silver Modified Bentonite
Tang
Xiaolin; Le Zheting; Shi Li
(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science
andTechnology, Shanghai 200237)
Abstract:
In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels, a
desulfurization process by adsorption for removing alkyl dibenzothiophenes was
investigated. Desulfurization of model gasoline by bentonite adsorbents loaded
with silver nitrate was studied. The test results indicated that the bentonite
adsorbents loaded with Ag+ ions were effective for adsorbing the alkyl
dibenzothiophenes. The crystal structure of bentonite adsorbents was
characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their acidity was measured by
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Several factors influencing
the desulfurization capability, including the Ag+ loading, the baking
temperature, as well as the reaction temperature, were investigated. The
desulfurization efficiency was enhanced by increasing the Ag+ loading and the
best result was obtained at a silver loading of 7 m%. It was found that the
adsorption capacity of the alkyl dibenzothiophenes on bentonite loaded with Ag+
ions increased with a decreasing temperature. Baking of the adsorbent could
also improve the desulfurization capacity and the optimum baking temperature
was 423 K
View Full Text At No Charge: http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:QRxzGLXFtUIJ:scholar.google.com/+diesel+OR+gasoline+%22deep+desulfurization%22&hl=en&as_sdt=0,6&as_ylo=2011&as_yhi=2011
///////
The key words to take away from this post …
1) Search
2) Focus
3) Refine
4) Fine Tune
Oh, and one other key word …
5) Subscribe
… to the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/),
that is, for more tips on finding what you need on the Web.
No comments:
Post a Comment