"If you think nobody cares if you're alive, try missing a couple of car payments.” -- Earl Wilson
A couple of articles in the Journal of Chromatography A (http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/502688/description#description) will interest some of you.
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Journal of Chromatography A
Volume 1218, Issue 3, 21 January 2011, Pages 534-544
Global approach for the selection of high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography experimental conditions and quantitative analysis in regards to sulfur-containing compounds in heavy petroleum cuts
Laure Mahéa, Thomas Dutrieza, Marion Courtiadea, Didier Thiébautb, Hugues Dulota and Fabrice Bertoncinia
a IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
b LSABM, UMR CNRS 7195 PECSA, ESPCI, Laboratoire environnement et chimie analytique, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
Abstract
Extending the knowledge on sulfur-containing compounds is crucial for the petroleum industry because they contribute to atmospheric pollution by combustion. Most of them are concentrated in heavy petroleum cuts, such as vacuum gas oils (VGOs). However, the resolution of the existing analytical methods does not allow a quantitative speciation of S-compounds contained in VGOs. Therefore, a high temperature GC × GC chromatograph hyphenated to a SCD was implemented in this study to obtain a quantitative S-compounds speciation. Firstly, various thermally stable stationary phases, in particular the new ionic liquid IL59 and Mega Wax-HT, were investigated in 1D-GC as a way to reduce the number of columns sets to be used in GC × GC. Consequently, several normal and reversed configurations of these columns were selected and tested in GC × GC. Then, a decision method was applied to facilitate the choice of the best combination of columns. Finally, the most adapted methods led to an innovative group type quantification and to a quantitative distribution of heavy sulfur species contained in a VGO sample. These results represent a major step towards the study of S-compounds in heavy petroleum cuts.
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Journal of Chromatography A
Volume 1217, Issue 17, 23 April 2010, Pages 2918-2924
Separation of alkanes and aromatic compounds by packed column gas chromatography using functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as stationary phases
Andrea Speltinia, Daniele Merlia, Eliana Quartaroneb, and Antonella Profumoa
a Department of General Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
b Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Abstract
In the present work, we show a novel application of pristine and functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) as stationary phase in low-cost packed columns for the gas chromatographic separation of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The MWCNTs were deeply investigated by means of physical and chemical methods, like thermal analysis, IR and atomic force microscopy, and Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) in order to correlate the adsorption process and surface properties with the material purity level and functionalization degree. The derivatization process of the pristine nanotubes was a key factor to achieve a successful separation of both the light n-alkanes (C3–C5) and the related isomers (C4–C5 branched alkanes). Satisfactory results were similarly obtained in the case of separation of aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX).
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If either of these articles … or any other article you find … contains useful information, mine that vein. Look for other articles written by the authors. For example, Thomas Dutriez (co-author of “Global approach for the selection of high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography experimental conditions and quantitative analysis in regards to sulfur-containing compounds in heavy petroleum cuts,” also authored …
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Extended characterization of a vacuum gas oil by offline LC-high-temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Thomas Dutriez (1)
Journal of Separation Science, Volume 33, Issue 12, pages 1787–1796, June 2010
Abstract
In a context of environmental preservation, purification and conversion of heavy petroleum cuts into high-quality fuel becomes essential. The interest for the characterization of those very complex matrices becomes a trendy analytical challenge, when it comes to get molecular information for the optimization of industrial processes. Among new analytical techniques, high-temperature 2-D GC has recently proved its applicability to heavy petroleum matrices, but lacks in selectivity to separate all chemical groups. To gain resolution, heart cutting is demonstrated for LC separation of saturated, aromatic and polar compounds prior to high-temperature 2-D GC. Therefore, an extended global resolution was obtained, especially by a better distinction of saturated compounds. This includes iso-paraffins and biomarker polynaphthenic structures, which are impossible to quantify with MS methods. This new way to analyze heavy petroleum fractions gives innovative opportunities for the construction of global weight distributions by carbon atoms number and by chemical families. This can right now be employed for quantitative analysis of heavy petroleum fractions and for studying conversion processes.
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