“When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than any talent for abstract, positive thinking.” -- Albert Einstein (German born American Physicist, 1921. 1879-1955)
“I've been doing a lot of abstract painting lately, extremely abstract. No brush, no paint, no canvas, I just think about it.” -- Stephen Wright (American Actor and Writer, b.1955)
As an expert online researcher, a large part of my job is to filter research results for my clients so they can use their valuable time on technical research. Since my clients occupy a broad range of specialties, filtration can be a real challenge. I rely on abstracts … and many of those abstracts have been written for the cognoscenti.
The easier it is for me and other information professionals to determine whether your article fits our clients’ needs, the more likely it is to be included in the results we present to the client.
So, the next time you author an article, broaden your vision of your potential audience. Write your abstract to be accessible not only to your fellow experts, but to non-experts, as well. The extra effort will benefit them, which ultimately will benefit you.
Here, for example, are a couple of abstracts to illustrate the point …
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Organic Geochemistry
Volume 31, Issue 10, October 2000, Pages 977-1003
Abiotic oxidation of petroleum bitumens under natural conditions
A. Charrié-Duhaut (a), S. Lemoine (a), P. Adam (a), J. Connan (b) and P. Albrecht (albrecht@chimie.u-strasbg.fr)(a)
a Laboratoire de Géochimie Organique, UMR 7509 du CNRS, Institut de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
b Centre de Recherches, Elf Exploration Production, 64000 Pau, France
Abstract
Five series of crude oil samples exposed to atmospheric conditions have been analysed at the molecular level, each series comprising several samples originating from the same crude oil but altered to different extents. The aim of our investigation was to compare the specific impact of abiotic oxidation to other alteration processes such as biodegradation, evaporation and water washing. Bulk analyses revealed that increasing alteration is accompanied by an increase in oxygen content which parallels a relative increase of the proportions, as well as of the molecular weights of the macromolecular constituents of the bitumens. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analyses of polar fractions showed the presence of oxygen-containing compounds (steroid ketones, benzothiophenic acids and sulfones) which result from oxidation of petroleum lipids. The hypothesis that part of these oxygenated compounds results from abiotic oxidation processes rather than from biodegradation is supported, notably, by the fact that oxygen incorporation generally occurred without any diastereomeric discrimination. This is also supported by simulation experiments performed on petroleum lipids, which showed that abiotic oxidation induces cleavage reactions affecting C–C and C–S bonds which may intervene in the transformation of geomacromolecules in the environment by degradation (“depolymerization”). Thus abiotic oxidation may play a major role in the fate of petroleum pollutants in the environment by transforming lipidic organic matter from petroleum into more water soluble and, therefore, more biodegradable constituents. However, these can be more toxic to the environment as the water-soluble fraction may be easily taken up by biota.
Author Keywords: Abiotic oxidation; Biodegradation; Water washing; Geomacromolecules; Simulation experiments; Bitumen; Biomarkers
source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7P-41CX9FY-3&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2000&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1568249789&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a1ef395df08dad79648caf77ec11a8c3&searchtype=a
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PAPER: 2001-122
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
September 2004, Volume 43, No. 9
Estimation of SARA Fraction Properties With the SRK EOS
K. AKBARZADEH
University of Calgary
S. AYATOLLAHI
Shiraz University
M. MOSHFEGHIAN
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
H. ALBOUDWAREJ, H.W. YARRANTON
University of Calgary
Abstract
One approach to modelling asphaltene solubility is regular solution theory. The key parameters for this approach are the molar volume and solubility parameters of each constituent. However, these parameters are largely unknown for crude oils. Some authors have used cubic equations of state (CEOS) to estimate the solubility parameters and molar volumes of solvents and C fractions, but CEOS have yet to be applied in this way to asphaltenes due to their high molar mass and unknown critical properties.
In this work, a modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong EOS with the Peneloux correction is used to estimate the molar volumes and solubility parameter of the four solubility classes (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) of bitumens. The EOS is modified for the asphaltenes, which are assumed to be polymeric-like compounds consisting of aggregates of monodisperse asphaltene monomers. Correlations are developed for the critical properties and acentric factor of each solubility class. The EOS-predicted properties are tested against density measurements of SARA fractions from several bitumens. The predicted parameters are used to determine the onset of asphaltene precipitation from bitumen upon the addition of heptane and the predictions are compared with measured onsets.
Source: http://home.shirazu.ac.ir/~eor/pdf/Jornals/14.j.Canadi.Petro.Technol.pdf
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