“Genius, in truth, means little more than the faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way” -- William James (American Philosopher and Psychologist, leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism, 1842-1910)
Corporate universities, like the Scuola Mattei, can be fertile ground for the cultivation of technical breakthroughs and the experts that produce the breakthroughs.
As described on its Web (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/work-with-us/scuola-mattei-master-medea/scuola-mattei-master-medea.shtml) …
“The Scuola Mattei and the Master MEDEA
“History Scuola Mattei
“The Scuola di Studi Superiori sugli idrocarburi ("School for Higher Studies on Hydrocarbons") was set up in 1957 by Enrico Mattei, the President of ENI; it led the way in post-graduate training in technical and economic disciplines in Italy
“Some years after his death, the school was named after Enrico Mattei. Since it was founded, the school has trained around 2500 young people , of which 55% are foreigners from 100 different countries.
“From 1991 onwards, the Scuola Enrico Mattei has added to its training programmes by introducing the theme of the environment and setting up the MEDEA Masters in Management and Economics of Energy and the Environment.
“It became part of the ENI Corporate University since December 2001.”
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What this means to you …
Whether you are an independent consultant, a corporate researcher, or an academic, there will be occasions when you will need to find an expert outside your usual circle of professional acquaintances. The Scuola Mattei site, like many corporate university sites, lists faculty names. Typically, these are people who have one foot in academia, and the other in industry. This makes them excellent candidates for technical consultants and conference presenters.
While the Scuola Mattei site lists faculty, it does not list contact information. That is where the skills of a librarian or other information professional can help. Here, for example, are a few of the faculty names listed on the site, along with email addresses obtained after a significant amount of online research time.
You could do the research yourself … but why waste your time? Use the resources available to you to leverage your effectiveness.
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SELECTED LIST OF ENI SCUOLA MATTEI CORPORATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY
[Hint: select and copy the list and paste into an Excel spreadsheet to get the columns to align correctly]
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Alberto Clô economist, ex minister of industry, University of Bologna alberto.clo@unibo.it
Alberto Delbianco Eni E&P Division Alberto.Delbianco@eni.it
Alessandro Lanza Eni Corporate University Alessandro.Lanza@enicorporateuniversity
Alessandro Rosatelli Eni R&M Division Alessandro.Rosatelli@eni.it
Andrea Ortenzi Eni E&P Division Andrea.Ortenzi@eni.it
Bruno Volpi Eni E&P Division Bruno.Volpi@eni.it
Carlo Monico Eni E&P Division Carlo.Monico@eni.it
Carlo Noè "Carlo Cattaneo" University, Castellanza cnoe@liuc.it
Cosimo Campidoglio Electricity Market Operator, Roma cosimo.campidoglio@mercatoelettrico.org
Costantino Alberici Eni Corporate University Costantino.Alberici@enicorporateuniversity
Enrico Rizzio Eni E&P Division Enrico.Rizzio@eni.it
Fabrizio Zausa Eni E&P Divisione Fabrizio.Zausa@eni.it
Federica Devecchi Eni E&P Division Federica.Devecchi@eni.it
Florinda Inchingalo Eni E&P Division Florinda.Inchingalo@eni.it
Francesco Baldino Eni E&P Division Francesco.Baldino@eni.it
Francesco Pumilia Eni Francesco.Pumilia@eni.it
Franco Donati Eni E&P Division Franco.Donati@eni.it
Giampaolo Rossi Fedele Eni Trading BV Giampaolo.Rossi.Fedele@eni.it
Gianluca Bufo Eni G&P Division Gianluca.Bufo@eni.it
Gino Giannone Eni E&P Division Gino.Giannone@eni.it
Giorgio Cecca Eni Giorgio.Cecca@eni.it
Giovanni Colombo Eni E&P Division Giovanni.Colombo@eni.it
Giuseppe Bellussi Eni R&M Division Giuseppe.Bellussi@eni.it
Giuseppe Bille' Eni G&P Division Giuseppe.Bille'@eni.it
Giuseppe Gasparini Eni R&M Division Giuseppe.Gasparini@eni.it
Giuseppe Lanzi Eni E&P Division Giuseppe.Lanzi@eni.it
Guido Silvestroni Eni R&M Division Guido.Silvestroni@eni.it
Jean Pierre Favennec Manager ofl Center for Economics and Management of ENSPM Institut Français du Pétrole
Luciano Colleoni Eni E&P Division Luciano.Colleoni@eni.it
Luigi Salvador Eni E&P Division Luigi.Salvador@eni.it
Marco Bollini Eni Divisione E&P Marco.Bollini@eni.it
Marco Saetti Eni R&M Division Marco.Saetti@eni.it
Mario Augusto Chiaramonte Eni E&P Division Mario.Augusto.Chiaramonte@eni.it
Marzio Marinelli Eni E&P Division Marzio.Marinelli@eni.it
Massimo Chindemi Eni Massimo.Chindemi@eni.it
Massimo Trani Eni R&M Division Massimo.Trani@eni.it
Mattia Sella Eni E&P Division Mattia.Sella@eni.it
Maurizio Gatti Eni E&P Division Maurizio.Gatti@eni.it
Maurizio Mazzei Eni R&M Division Maurizio.Mazzei@eni.it
Maurizio Rampoldi Eni E&P Division Maurizio.Rampoldi@eni.it
Mauro Pastori Eni E&P Division Mauro.Pastori@eni.it
Nicola Pajola Eni E&P Division Nicola.Pajola@eni.it
Paolo Rossi Eni E&P Division Paolo.Rossi@eni.it
Patrizia Rocchini Eni E&P Division Patrizia.Rocchini@eni.it
Raffaella Turatto Eni Raffaella.Turatto@eni.it
Raffaella Manzini "Carlo Cattaneo" University, Castellanza rmanzini@liuc.it
Roberto Fresca Fantoni Eni E&P Division Roberto.Fresca.Fantoni@eni.it
Sabina Ratti Eni Sabina.Ratti@eni.it
Salvatore Carollo Eni Trading BV Salvatore.Carollo@eni.it
Salvatore Pino Eni Salvatore.Pino@eni.it
Sandro Furlan Eni Corporate University Sandro.Furlan@enicorporateuniversity
Lee Schipper World Resources Institute, Washington schipper@wri.org
Tommaso Rossi "Carlo Cattaneo" University, Castellanza trossi@liuc.it
///////
Contact your corporate or academic librarian for guidance on developing online research strategies. They can help you identify resources that will save you time ... and your employer money.
Tuesday, June 29, 2010
Friday, June 25, 2010
Books from CRC Press
“A poet ought not to pick nature's pocket. Let him borrow, and so borrow as to repay by the very act of borrowing." -- Samuel Taylor Coleridge (English lyrical Poet, Critic and Philosopher. 1772-1834)
Two books from CRC Press would be good additions to your collection …
Process Chemistry of Petroleum Macromolecules
Irwin A. Wiehe
CRC Press 2008
Print ISBN: 978-1-57444-787-3
eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-1833-2
Amazon.com price: $199.95
source: http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420018332.ch10
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Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua
Edited by James G. Speight and Jorge Ancheyta
CRC Press 2007
Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-7419-7
eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0743-5
Amazon.com price: $158.46
source: http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420007435.ch9
///////
If you are not sure whether they are worth the price, ask your friendly librarian to borrow them from a library that owns the books. This will give you a couple of weeks to examine the books in detail before making the purchase decision.
The Desulfurization Blog is about sources of information AND about how to identify those sources ... follow it for useful tips and tricks to improve your online research
Two books from CRC Press would be good additions to your collection …
Process Chemistry of Petroleum Macromolecules
Irwin A. Wiehe
CRC Press 2008
Print ISBN: 978-1-57444-787-3
eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-1833-2
Amazon.com price: $199.95
source: http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420018332.ch10
///////
Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua
Edited by James G. Speight and Jorge Ancheyta
CRC Press 2007
Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-7419-7
eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0743-5
Amazon.com price: $158.46
source: http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420007435.ch9
///////
If you are not sure whether they are worth the price, ask your friendly librarian to borrow them from a library that owns the books. This will give you a couple of weeks to examine the books in detail before making the purchase decision.
The Desulfurization Blog is about sources of information AND about how to identify those sources ... follow it for useful tips and tricks to improve your online research
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Recent Advances in Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Technologies
“The intellectual advancement of man depends on how often he can exchange an old superstition for a new truth” -- Robert Green Ingersoll (American Statesman and Orator, 1833-1899)
I have a folder on my computer labeled Desulfurization, where I place interesting articles found during my frequent forays into the Web. Within that folder, I have a sub-folder labeled “Core Documents.” Into this folder I place those articles that I will refer to over and over again for key words and concepts to use in future online research.
The following is one such article. Amazingly, it is available in full text and at no charge at the URL listed below.
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Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, 2009, 2, 22-36
Recent Advances in Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Technologies
Yuandong Liu, Liang Gao, Langyou Wen and Baoning Zong*
zongbn@ripp-sinopec.com
State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Material and Reaction Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
Abstract: Urgent demand for light oils and strict laws of environmental protection make it important for refiners to convert heavier oils into lighter and more valuable products efficiently. Hydroprocessing technology is one of the major residue upgrading processes and it is performed with a series of reactors, each with different catalyst for different function. Depending on the residue properties, the reactors in the hydroprocessing unit may be fixed-bed, moving-bed, ebullated-bed, slurry-bed or a combination. The present article discussed the useful patents in the field of heavy oil hydroprocessing technologies. The latest development and application of hydroprocessing technologies were reviewed. Comparison of catalysts used in the processes such as solid powder catalysts and homogeneous dispersed catalysts were also examined. There is not a general rule that can give a solution to all refineries, and the final choice should be made by comprehensive consideration of feed property, product demand and economic benefit.
Full text available at:
http://www.bentham.org/cheng/samples/cheng2-1/0003CHENG.pdf
//////
Visit Jean Steinhardt’s LinkedIn profile at: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Invite Jean to join your LinkedIn network.
I have a folder on my computer labeled Desulfurization, where I place interesting articles found during my frequent forays into the Web. Within that folder, I have a sub-folder labeled “Core Documents.” Into this folder I place those articles that I will refer to over and over again for key words and concepts to use in future online research.
The following is one such article. Amazingly, it is available in full text and at no charge at the URL listed below.
///////
Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, 2009, 2, 22-36
Recent Advances in Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Technologies
Yuandong Liu, Liang Gao, Langyou Wen and Baoning Zong*
zongbn@ripp-sinopec.com
State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Material and Reaction Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
Abstract: Urgent demand for light oils and strict laws of environmental protection make it important for refiners to convert heavier oils into lighter and more valuable products efficiently. Hydroprocessing technology is one of the major residue upgrading processes and it is performed with a series of reactors, each with different catalyst for different function. Depending on the residue properties, the reactors in the hydroprocessing unit may be fixed-bed, moving-bed, ebullated-bed, slurry-bed or a combination. The present article discussed the useful patents in the field of heavy oil hydroprocessing technologies. The latest development and application of hydroprocessing technologies were reviewed. Comparison of catalysts used in the processes such as solid powder catalysts and homogeneous dispersed catalysts were also examined. There is not a general rule that can give a solution to all refineries, and the final choice should be made by comprehensive consideration of feed property, product demand and economic benefit.
Full text available at:
http://www.bentham.org/cheng/samples/cheng2-1/0003CHENG.pdf
//////
Visit Jean Steinhardt’s LinkedIn profile at: www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch
Invite Jean to join your LinkedIn network.
Monday, June 21, 2010
Processes
“I put my heart and my soul into my work, and have lost my mind in the process.” -- Vincent van Gogh (Dutch Painter, Post-Impressionist, 1853-1890)
Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources, Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability, Chapter 2 in The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), includes concise descriptions of processes, with comments on each process’s usefulness in processing heavy crudes, why the process was developed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the process.
Example …
"Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
"The Eni Slurry Technology (EST) process was developed recently by Snamprogetti and EniTecnologie, both companies of the Eni Group (Montanari et al., 2003). Unlike the technologies available today, EST operates in such a way as to permit the almost complete conversion of heavy petroleum feedstocks into distillates and avoid the production of fuel oil and coke.
"The heart of the process consists of a hydrotreating (HT) reactor in which the heavy crude feedstock undergoes a hydrogenation treatment in relatively mild conditions (410-420°C and 160 bar), limiting the conversion per pass to distillates, but ensuring a satisfactory margin of stability for the unconverted residue. The hydrotreatment is carried out in the presence of several thousand ppm of a molybdenum based catalyst finely dispersed in the liquid mass so as to promote the upgrading reactions (metal removal, desulphuration, denitrogenation and reduction of the carbon residue). The hydrotreated products leaving the HT unit are sent to a fractionating section to recover the distillates. The unconverted residue from the bottom of the fractionating column is then sent to a solvent deasphaltating section (SDA) to recover the deasphalted and demetallized oil (DAO), while the asphaltene stream that contains all of the catalyst is recycled to the HT section to be reprocessed together with additional fresh feedstock ( Fig. 11). After a number of recyclings, a stationary steady-state condition is reached that makes it possible to obtain almost total conversion levels, overcoming the traditional limitations of the classical conversion processes, i.e. the loss of stability of the reaction products and, consequently, the deposition of coke."
Why is this kind of information important to you? Because it can help an information professional like me help you by more efficiently obtaining more relevant results.
As an expert in the desulfurization field, you probably are well versed in the various technologies described. But your corporate or academic librarian may not be. Pointing the librarian to a source like Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources will enable him or her to identify key words and concepts that will increase the effectiveness of their online searches.
///////
Technologies Described in Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources
///////
Carbon rejection technologies
• Visbreaking
• Hydrovisbreaking
• Aquaconversion.
• Deep Thermal Conversion
• Eureka process
• Coking
• Delayed coking
• Fluid Coking
• Flexicoking
• LR Coker (Lurgi Ruhrgas)
Extraction processes
• Solvent deasphalting
• OrCrude process
• SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage)
Catalytic processes
• Catalytic cracking
• Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
• MSCC MilliSecond Catalytic Cracking
• X DESIGN
Hydrogen addition technologies
• Hydrocracking
• Onstream Catalyst Replacement system (OCR)
• H-Oil
• LC-Fining
• Technologies with catalysis in dispersed phase (slurry)
• VEBA CombiCracking process (VCC)
• HDH
• HDHPlus
• Canmet process
• Microcat-RC process
• (HC)3 (High Conversion/Hydrocracking/Homogeneous Catalyst)
• Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
• Hydrogen Transfer Cracking
• Succeed Process
• CASH process (Chevron’s Activated Slurry Hydrocracking)
• GNO-V
Technologies for the exploitation of oil shale
• Retorting
• ICP (In situ Conversion Process)
Speaking of processes, begin the process of improving your online search effectiveness … follow Jean Steinhardt Consulting’s Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/)
Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources, Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability, Chapter 2 in The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), includes concise descriptions of processes, with comments on each process’s usefulness in processing heavy crudes, why the process was developed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the process.
Example …
"Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
"The Eni Slurry Technology (EST) process was developed recently by Snamprogetti and EniTecnologie, both companies of the Eni Group (Montanari et al., 2003). Unlike the technologies available today, EST operates in such a way as to permit the almost complete conversion of heavy petroleum feedstocks into distillates and avoid the production of fuel oil and coke.
"The heart of the process consists of a hydrotreating (HT) reactor in which the heavy crude feedstock undergoes a hydrogenation treatment in relatively mild conditions (410-420°C and 160 bar), limiting the conversion per pass to distillates, but ensuring a satisfactory margin of stability for the unconverted residue. The hydrotreatment is carried out in the presence of several thousand ppm of a molybdenum based catalyst finely dispersed in the liquid mass so as to promote the upgrading reactions (metal removal, desulphuration, denitrogenation and reduction of the carbon residue). The hydrotreated products leaving the HT unit are sent to a fractionating section to recover the distillates. The unconverted residue from the bottom of the fractionating column is then sent to a solvent deasphaltating section (SDA) to recover the deasphalted and demetallized oil (DAO), while the asphaltene stream that contains all of the catalyst is recycled to the HT section to be reprocessed together with additional fresh feedstock ( Fig. 11). After a number of recyclings, a stationary steady-state condition is reached that makes it possible to obtain almost total conversion levels, overcoming the traditional limitations of the classical conversion processes, i.e. the loss of stability of the reaction products and, consequently, the deposition of coke."
Why is this kind of information important to you? Because it can help an information professional like me help you by more efficiently obtaining more relevant results.
As an expert in the desulfurization field, you probably are well versed in the various technologies described. But your corporate or academic librarian may not be. Pointing the librarian to a source like Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources will enable him or her to identify key words and concepts that will increase the effectiveness of their online searches.
///////
Technologies Described in Hydrocarbons From Non-Conventional And Alternative Fossil Resources
///////
Carbon rejection technologies
• Visbreaking
• Hydrovisbreaking
• Aquaconversion.
• Deep Thermal Conversion
• Eureka process
• Coking
• Delayed coking
• Fluid Coking
• Flexicoking
• LR Coker (Lurgi Ruhrgas)
Extraction processes
• Solvent deasphalting
• OrCrude process
• SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage)
Catalytic processes
• Catalytic cracking
• Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
• MSCC MilliSecond Catalytic Cracking
• X DESIGN
Hydrogen addition technologies
• Hydrocracking
• Onstream Catalyst Replacement system (OCR)
• H-Oil
• LC-Fining
• Technologies with catalysis in dispersed phase (slurry)
• VEBA CombiCracking process (VCC)
• HDH
• HDHPlus
• Canmet process
• Microcat-RC process
• (HC)3 (High Conversion/Hydrocracking/Homogeneous Catalyst)
• Eni Slurry Technology (EST) Process
• Hydrogen Transfer Cracking
• Succeed Process
• CASH process (Chevron’s Activated Slurry Hydrocracking)
• GNO-V
Technologies for the exploitation of oil shale
• Retorting
• ICP (In situ Conversion Process)
Speaking of processes, begin the process of improving your online search effectiveness … follow Jean Steinhardt Consulting’s Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/)
Friday, June 18, 2010
The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons
“Everyone thinks his own burden heavy” -- French Proverb
The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), as mentioned in a previous post, is worth bookmarking for future reference. The item of most interest to desulfurization experts is …
Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
In: The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons , Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability
Chapter 2 – Hydrocarbons from non-conventional and alternative fossil resources
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
Among the many nuggets of useful information in this section is …
Table 3. Principal compositional characteristics of heavy crude oils and bitumens
[Tip: copy and paste into a Notepad text file to make the columns line up properly]
///////
.......................ARABIAN LIGHT....ZUATA.......BOSCAN......MAYA....COLD LAKE......ATHABASCA BITUMEN
SOURCE.................SAUDI ARABIA.....VENEZUELA...VENEZUELA...MEXICO..CANADA.........CANADA
API gravity............33.6.............8.5.........10.5........21.5....10.2...........7.4
Distillation yield (% by weight)
Naptha.................20.6.............0.0.........4.0.........12.9....1.5............1.0
Atmospheric gasoil.....36.0.............14.1........11.6........21.7....14.9...........13.0
Vacuum gasoil..........23.2.............31.0........20.2........22.2....38.8...........34.0
Vacuum residue (VR)
TBP cut................530°C+...........500°C+......350°C+......500°C+..340°C+.........300°C+
API gravity............8.3..............2.5.........7.2.........1.5.....7.2............7.8
Sulphur (weight %).....4.0..............4.2.........6.0.........5.2.....4.9............4.6
Nitrogen (weight %)....0.25.............0.97........0.96........0.81....0.70...........0.48
Nickel (ppm)...........30...............154.........119.........132.....107............70
Vanadium (ppm).........110..............697.........1,473.......866.....210............186
C7 Asphaltenes (wt %)..5.3..............19.7........18.2........30.3....n/a............12.4
CCR (weight %).........18.0.............22.1........18.3........29.3....20.8...........13.6
///////
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
The other tables in Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues are …
Table 1. Classification of non-conventional oils
Table 2. Main deposits of bitumens (1) and heavy crude oils (2)
Table 4. Compositional variability of C7 asphaltenes precipitated from crudes and bitumens
Table 5. Estimate of reaction heat for the main reactions involved in the hydrocracking of heavy feedstocks
Table 6. Aquaconversion process performance. Feedstock treated: extra-heavy crude from the Orinoco Belt (6.5°API)
Table 7. Comparison of the conversion yields of delayed coking and the Eureka processes. Feedstock treated: vacuum residue with 5.9°API
Table 8. Product yields and qualities from delayed coking
Table 9. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing an Arabian Heavy vacuum residue (1.8°API and 6.0 weight % of sulphur) via coking processes
Table 10.Product yields and qualities from ebullated bed
Table 11. Canmet process performance. Feedstock treated: Cold Lake vacuum residue
Table 12. EST process performances
Table 13. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing American oil shale by means of different processes
Table 14. Projects for the exploitation of extra heavy Venezuelan crudes
Table 15. Main Canadian projects for the industrial exploitation of non-conventional oils
The Desulfurization Blog also has useful nuggets of information … receive an email each time it is updated by contacting me at research@JeanSteinhardtConsulting.com
The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html), as mentioned in a previous post, is worth bookmarking for future reference. The item of most interest to desulfurization experts is …
Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
In: The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons , Volume III - New Developments: Energy, Transport, Sustainability
Chapter 2 – Hydrocarbons from non-conventional and alternative fossil resources
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
Among the many nuggets of useful information in this section is …
Table 3. Principal compositional characteristics of heavy crude oils and bitumens
[Tip: copy and paste into a Notepad text file to make the columns line up properly]
///////
.......................ARABIAN LIGHT....ZUATA.......BOSCAN......MAYA....COLD LAKE......ATHABASCA BITUMEN
SOURCE.................SAUDI ARABIA.....VENEZUELA...VENEZUELA...MEXICO..CANADA.........CANADA
API gravity............33.6.............8.5.........10.5........21.5....10.2...........7.4
Distillation yield (% by weight)
Naptha.................20.6.............0.0.........4.0.........12.9....1.5............1.0
Atmospheric gasoil.....36.0.............14.1........11.6........21.7....14.9...........13.0
Vacuum gasoil..........23.2.............31.0........20.2........22.2....38.8...........34.0
Vacuum residue (VR)
TBP cut................530°C+...........500°C+......350°C+......500°C+..340°C+.........300°C+
API gravity............8.3..............2.5.........7.2.........1.5.....7.2............7.8
Sulphur (weight %).....4.0..............4.2.........6.0.........5.2.....4.9............4.6
Nitrogen (weight %)....0.25.............0.97........0.96........0.81....0.70...........0.48
Nickel (ppm)...........30...............154.........119.........132.....107............70
Vanadium (ppm).........110..............697.........1,473.......866.....210............186
C7 Asphaltenes (wt %)..5.3..............19.7........18.2........30.3....n/a............12.4
CCR (weight %).........18.0.............22.1........18.3........29.3....20.8...........13.6
///////
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
The other tables in Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues are …
Table 1. Classification of non-conventional oils
Table 2. Main deposits of bitumens (1) and heavy crude oils (2)
Table 4. Compositional variability of C7 asphaltenes precipitated from crudes and bitumens
Table 5. Estimate of reaction heat for the main reactions involved in the hydrocracking of heavy feedstocks
Table 6. Aquaconversion process performance. Feedstock treated: extra-heavy crude from the Orinoco Belt (6.5°API)
Table 7. Comparison of the conversion yields of delayed coking and the Eureka processes. Feedstock treated: vacuum residue with 5.9°API
Table 8. Product yields and qualities from delayed coking
Table 9. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing an Arabian Heavy vacuum residue (1.8°API and 6.0 weight % of sulphur) via coking processes
Table 10.Product yields and qualities from ebullated bed
Table 11. Canmet process performance. Feedstock treated: Cold Lake vacuum residue
Table 12. EST process performances
Table 13. Comparison of product yields and qualities when processing American oil shale by means of different processes
Table 14. Projects for the exploitation of extra heavy Venezuelan crudes
Table 15. Main Canadian projects for the industrial exploitation of non-conventional oils
The Desulfurization Blog also has useful nuggets of information … receive an email each time it is updated by contacting me at research@JeanSteinhardtConsulting.com
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
“Out of intense complexities intense simplicities emerge.” -- Winston Churchill (British Orator, Author and Prime Minister during World War II. 1874-1965)
The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html) restores one’s faith in the Web’s potential.
The introduction page describes the Encyclopaedia thusly …
“During the XXth century, hydrocarbons have been by far the world’s most important energy resource, and such they are likely to remain in the next decades. They have acted as a propeller of economic progress, a crucial factor in social organization, a raw material of strategic consequence: alliances, conflicts, security policies and geopolitical matters closely intertwined with the destinies of hydrocarbons.
“No other economic sector can boast a comparable degree of complexity and uncertainty or can play a role as substantial as hydrocarbons at international level. Knowing the world of hydrocarbons, its history, technical features and prospects gives us an indispensable key to understanding the present international systems and their possible future developments.
“Eni’s Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons aims at providing the reader, whether or not an expert in this field, with a clear and detailed vision of this sector. To this end, it deals with the historical events and their consequences, the scientific knowledge, the elements and the relationships which build the value chain of the oil and gas industry, the state of the art and the foreseeable technological improvements, and the economic and legal elements that may influence its prospects.
“You can navigate the Encyclopaedia in pdf-format: choose from the index below the titles you are interested in, and then click on the paragraphs which appear on the screen to open each file”
Source: (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html)
I was astonished to find that it is offered to the world at no charge to the viewer. In fact, you can download large chunks of it in PDF format. Take a look at the following, for example …
Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
This particular section deals with technologies being developed to bring heavy crudes of all kinds to market. Getting rid of the sulfur from oil sands and oil shales products is a big deal, of course. It describes the complexity of the various processes in detail, but in prose that is understandable. It is so well written that it can interest both the layman and the expert.
I recommend that you bookmark the site for future reference.
Also recommended … follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) … and urge your colleagues to do the same.
The Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html) restores one’s faith in the Web’s potential.
The introduction page describes the Encyclopaedia thusly …
“During the XXth century, hydrocarbons have been by far the world’s most important energy resource, and such they are likely to remain in the next decades. They have acted as a propeller of economic progress, a crucial factor in social organization, a raw material of strategic consequence: alliances, conflicts, security policies and geopolitical matters closely intertwined with the destinies of hydrocarbons.
“No other economic sector can boast a comparable degree of complexity and uncertainty or can play a role as substantial as hydrocarbons at international level. Knowing the world of hydrocarbons, its history, technical features and prospects gives us an indispensable key to understanding the present international systems and their possible future developments.
“Eni’s Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons aims at providing the reader, whether or not an expert in this field, with a clear and detailed vision of this sector. To this end, it deals with the historical events and their consequences, the scientific knowledge, the elements and the relationships which build the value chain of the oil and gas industry, the state of the art and the foreseeable technological improvements, and the economic and legal elements that may influence its prospects.
“You can navigate the Encyclopaedia in pdf-format: choose from the index below the titles you are interested in, and then click on the paragraphs which appear on the screen to open each file”
Source: (http://www.treccani.it/Portale/sito/altre_aree/Tecnologia_e_Scienze_applicate/enciclopedia/inglese/indice_opera.html)
I was astonished to find that it is offered to the world at no charge to the viewer. In fact, you can download large chunks of it in PDF format. Take a look at the following, for example …
Emerging technologies for the conversion of residues
source: http://77.238.3.64/export/sites/default/Portale/sito/altre_aree/scienze_della_terra/enciclopedia/inglese/inglese_vol_3/137-160_ing.pdf
This particular section deals with technologies being developed to bring heavy crudes of all kinds to market. Getting rid of the sulfur from oil sands and oil shales products is a big deal, of course. It describes the complexity of the various processes in detail, but in prose that is understandable. It is so well written that it can interest both the layman and the expert.
I recommend that you bookmark the site for future reference.
Also recommended … follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) … and urge your colleagues to do the same.
Sunday, June 13, 2010
Beyond the Obvious: Googling® Genoil
“Beyond the obvious facts that he has at some time done manual labor, that he takes snuff, that he is a Freemason, that he has been in China, and that he has done a considerable amount of writing lately, I can deduce nothing else” -- Arthur Conan Doyle, Sr. (Scottish writer, creator of the detective Sherlock Holmes, 1859-1930)
Genoil (http://www.genoil.ca/) is a company you should bookmark. According to its Web …
“Genoil Hydroconversion Desulfurization Upgrader ®, in recent tests desulfurized at a rate of 99.5% at an operating cost saving of 61% compared with conventional competing technologies. Our process operates independently at a well, or at a refinery, the GHU upgrader significantly increases the product yields of all crudes including light, Arab Heavy, extra heavy, and heavy refinery feedstocks by dramatically raising the API and reducing sulfur. Turning lower value oil into high value crude oil and transportation fuels is what we do best. The GHU performs two tasks simultaneously, upgrading and desulfurization with incredible economics, and has been tested successfully on oil as low as 6.5 API. Our process achieves a zero waste bottomless barrel in the upgrading process unlike any traditional upgrading methods, and the heavier residue fraction left after upgrading is reused in a syntheses gas gasifier to produce the required hydrogen, steam and power to operate the process.”
source: http://www.genoil.ca/
///////
Like many company Webs, Genoil has a publications page (http://genoil.ca/publications) where you can download and read articles that have appeared in various journals and magazines. That’s obvious.
\\\\\\\
Three of the articles available for download from the Genoil Web
\\\\\\\
• Converting heavy oil to light oil will profoundly impact oil supply (The Oil and Gas Magazine -Summer 2008 www.oilworks.com)
• Is bottomless-barrel refining possible? (Hydrocarbon Processing - September 2007)
• The Bottomless Barrel (Oilsands Review - March 2007)
///////
Less obvious is the fact that by Googling you can find more articles than those listed on the Genoil publications page. This one, for example, is not yet available on the Genoil site. I found it by Googling® GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM
THE GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM (GHU®) FOR HEAVY AND EXTRA HEAVY CRUDE (2009)
Examination of the URL shows that the article is available on the Genoil Web … but to FIND it, you need to Google.
source: http://www.genoil.ca/_upload/fact%20sheets/Hydroconversion%20Upgrader%20for%20heavy%20oil%20and%20refinery%20residue.pdf
[Excerpt from THE GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM (GHU®) FOR HEAVY AND EXTRA HEAVY CRUDE]
Genoil GHU® Process Development In September 1998, Genoil decided to develop its own heavy oil upgrading process, based on a dual approach of visbreaking and hydroprocessing, and, therefore, by adding hydrogen mass, to obtain an increase in the liquid yields. A hydrogenation process should provide more than 100% of the fresh feed volume, instead of the 75-80% of the carbon rejection processes. To start the conceptual and preliminary design work on a hydrotreating process to upgrade heavy crude oil, Genoil acquired the Visbreaking technology from the Eadie Group and the “Bullet” technology from the Acquasol Corporation. The Eadie Visbreaking technology was developed through extensive pilot plant work conducted in the early 1990’s at the Alberta Research Council. This Eadie Visbreaking technology was modified and enhanced by Genoil. The Bullet technology is a mixing device which maximizes the mass transfer between two fluids. Full dispersion of one fluid into the other fluid is achieved (“micro-molecular mixing”) together with the “super-saturation” of the gas into the liquid. (Although this technology provided excellent results, Genoil has recently replaced it with an even more effective mixing technology.)
///////
Add the above search tip to the others that have appeared in Jean Steinhardt’s Desulfurization Blog … and point your colleagues to the Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/).
Genoil (http://www.genoil.ca/) is a company you should bookmark. According to its Web …
“Genoil Hydroconversion Desulfurization Upgrader ®, in recent tests desulfurized at a rate of 99.5% at an operating cost saving of 61% compared with conventional competing technologies. Our process operates independently at a well, or at a refinery, the GHU upgrader significantly increases the product yields of all crudes including light, Arab Heavy, extra heavy, and heavy refinery feedstocks by dramatically raising the API and reducing sulfur. Turning lower value oil into high value crude oil and transportation fuels is what we do best. The GHU performs two tasks simultaneously, upgrading and desulfurization with incredible economics, and has been tested successfully on oil as low as 6.5 API. Our process achieves a zero waste bottomless barrel in the upgrading process unlike any traditional upgrading methods, and the heavier residue fraction left after upgrading is reused in a syntheses gas gasifier to produce the required hydrogen, steam and power to operate the process.”
source: http://www.genoil.ca/
///////
Like many company Webs, Genoil has a publications page (http://genoil.ca/publications) where you can download and read articles that have appeared in various journals and magazines. That’s obvious.
\\\\\\\
Three of the articles available for download from the Genoil Web
\\\\\\\
• Converting heavy oil to light oil will profoundly impact oil supply (The Oil and Gas Magazine -Summer 2008 www.oilworks.com)
• Is bottomless-barrel refining possible? (Hydrocarbon Processing - September 2007)
• The Bottomless Barrel (Oilsands Review - March 2007)
///////
Less obvious is the fact that by Googling you can find more articles than those listed on the Genoil publications page. This one, for example, is not yet available on the Genoil site. I found it by Googling® GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM
THE GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM (GHU®) FOR HEAVY AND EXTRA HEAVY CRUDE (2009)
Examination of the URL shows that the article is available on the Genoil Web … but to FIND it, you need to Google.
source: http://www.genoil.ca/_upload/fact%20sheets/Hydroconversion%20Upgrader%20for%20heavy%20oil%20and%20refinery%20residue.pdf
[Excerpt from THE GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADING SYSTEM (GHU®) FOR HEAVY AND EXTRA HEAVY CRUDE]
Genoil GHU® Process Development In September 1998, Genoil decided to develop its own heavy oil upgrading process, based on a dual approach of visbreaking and hydroprocessing, and, therefore, by adding hydrogen mass, to obtain an increase in the liquid yields. A hydrogenation process should provide more than 100% of the fresh feed volume, instead of the 75-80% of the carbon rejection processes. To start the conceptual and preliminary design work on a hydrotreating process to upgrade heavy crude oil, Genoil acquired the Visbreaking technology from the Eadie Group and the “Bullet” technology from the Acquasol Corporation. The Eadie Visbreaking technology was developed through extensive pilot plant work conducted in the early 1990’s at the Alberta Research Council. This Eadie Visbreaking technology was modified and enhanced by Genoil. The Bullet technology is a mixing device which maximizes the mass transfer between two fluids. Full dispersion of one fluid into the other fluid is achieved (“micro-molecular mixing”) together with the “super-saturation” of the gas into the liquid. (Although this technology provided excellent results, Genoil has recently replaced it with an even more effective mixing technology.)
///////
Add the above search tip to the others that have appeared in Jean Steinhardt’s Desulfurization Blog … and point your colleagues to the Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/).
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